Retrovirus from the HIV group and its use

ABSTRACT

A novel immunodeficiency virus is disclosed which has the designation MVP-5180/91 and which has been deposited with the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures (ECACC) under No. V 920 52 318. The characteristic antigens which can be obtained from it and which can be employed for detecting antibodies against retroviruses which are associated with immunodeficiency diseases are also disclosed, as are the DNA and amino acid sequences of the virus.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/109,196, filed Jul. 2, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,561, issued Aug. 21, 2001, which is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/468,059, filed Jun. 6, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,480, issued Nov. 24, 1998; which is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/132,653, filed Oct. 5, 1993, now abandoned; the disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to a novel retrovirus from the HIV group, as well as to variants or parts thereof which contain the essential properties of the virus. A process is described for culturing the retrovirus. The invention furthermore relates to the isolation of this retrovirus and to use of the virus, its parts or extracts for medicinal purposes, for diagnostics and in the preparation of vaccines.

Retroviruses which belong to the so-called HIV group lead in humans who are infected by them to disease manifestations which are summarized under the collective term immunodeficiency or AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Epidemiological studies verify that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents the etiological agent in the vast majority of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) cases. A retrovirus which was isolated from a patient and characterized in 1983 received the designation HIV-1 (Barré-Sinoussi, F. et al., Science 220, 868-871 [1983]). A variant of HIV-1 is described in WO 86/02383.

A second group of human immunodeficiency viruses was identified in 1985 in West Africa (Clavel, F. et al., Science 233, 343-346 [1986]) and designated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) (EP-A-0 239 425). While HIV-2 retroviruses clearly differ from HIV-1, they do exhibit affinity with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV-2). Like HIV-1, HIV-2 also leads to AIDS symptomatology.

A further variant of an immunodeficiency retrovirus is described in EP-A-0 345 375 and designated there as HIV-3 retrovirus (ANT 70).

The isolation of a further, variant, immunodeficiency virus is also described in Lancet Vol. 340, September 1992, pp. 681-682.

It is characteristic of human immunodeficiency viruses that they exhibit a high degree of variability, which significantly complicates the comparability of the different isolates. For example, when diverse HIV-1 isolates are compared, high degrees of variability are found in some regions of the genome while other regions are comparatively well conserved (Benn, S. et al., Science 230, 949-951 (1985]). It was also possible to observe an appreciably greater degree of polymorphism in the case of HIV-2 (Clavel, F. et al., Nature 324, 691-695 [1986]). The greatest degree of genetic stability is possessed by regions in the gag and pol genes which encode proteins which are essential for structural and enzymic purposes; some regions in the env gene, and the genes (vif, vpr, tat, rev and nef) encoding regulatory proteins, exhibit a high degree of variability. In addition to this, it was possible to demonstrate that antisera against HIV-1 also crossreact with gag and pol gene products from HIV-2 even though there was only a small degree of sequence homology. Little hybridization of significance likewise took place between these two viruses unless conditions of very low stringency were used (Clavel, F. et al., Nature 324, 691-695 [1986]).

Owing to the wide distribution of retroviruses from the HIV group and to the fact that a period of a few to many years (2-20) exists between the time of infection and the time at which unambiguous symptoms of pathological changes are recognizable, it is of great importance from the epidemiological point of view to determine infection with retroviruses of the HIV group at as early a stage as possible and, above all, in a reliable manner. This is not only of importance when diagnosing patients who exhibit signs of immunodeficiency, but also when monitoring blood donors. It has emerged that, when retroviruses of the HIV-1 or HIV-2 type, or components thereof, are used in detection systems, antibodies can either not be detected or only detected weakly in many sera even though signs of immunodeficiency are present in the patients from which the sera are derived. In certain cases, such detection is possible using the retrovirus from the HIV group according to the invention.

This patent describes the isolation and characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus, designated below as MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), which was isolated from the peripheral lymphocytes of a female patient from the Cameroons who was 34 years old in 1991 and who exhibited signs of immunodeficiency. From the point of view of geography, this retrovirus originates from a region in Africa which is located between West Africa, where there is endemic infection with HIV-2 and HIV-1 viruses, and Eastern Central Africa, where it is almost exclusively HIV-1 which is disseminated. Consequently, the present invention relates to a novel retrovirus, designated MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), of the HIV group and its variants, to DNA sequences, amino acid sequences and constituent sequences derived therefrom, and to test kits containing the latter. The retrovirus MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) has been deposited with the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures (ECACC) PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury Wilts. SP4 OJG, United Kingdom, on Sep. 23, 1992 under ECACC Accession No. V 920 92 318 in accordance with the stipulations of the Budapest Treaty. The ECACC is located at the PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 OJG, U.K. The deposit was made on Sep. 23, 1992, and was assigned Accession No. V 920 92 318. The date of notification of acceptance of the culture was Jan. 21, 1993.

As do HIV-1 and HIV-2, MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention grows in the following cell lines: HUT 78, Jurkat cells, C8166 cells and MT-2 cells. The isolation and propagation of viruses is described in detail in the book “Viral Quantitation in HIV Infection, Editor Jean-Marie Andrieu, John Libbey Eurotext, 1991”. The procedural methods described in that publication are by reference made a subject of the disclosure of the present application.

In addition to this, the virus according to the invention possesses a reverse transcriptase which is magnesium-dependent but not manganese-dependent. This represents a further property possessed in common with the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses.

In order to provide a better understanding of the differences between the MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) virus according to the invention and the HIV-1 and HIV-2 retroviruses, the construction of the retroviruses which cause immunodeficiency will first of all be explained in brief. Within the virus, the RNA is located in a conical core which is assembled from protein subunits which carry the designation p 24 (p for protein). This inner core is surrounded by a protein coat, which is constructed from protein p 17 (outer core), and by a glycoprotein coat which, in addition to lipids, which originate from the host cell, contains the transmembrane protein gp 41 and the coat protein 120 (gp 120). This gp 120 can then bind to the CD-4 receptors of the host cells.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts the arrangement of the genome of retroviruses of the HIV type.

FIG. 2 is a graph depicting the binding affinity for the monoclonal antibody p24 in relation to the content of reverse transcriptase for the retroviruses HIV-1, HIV-2, and MVP-5180/91.

FIG. 3 depicts a western blot of MVP-5180/91 and HIV-1, isolated from German patients.

FIG. 4 depicts the almost complete nucleic acid sequence of the retrovirus MVP-5180/91.

FIG. 5 depicts the strategy for PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of MVP-5180/91.

FIG. 6 depicts a comparison of the sequence in FIG. 4 and the sequence obtained using the PCR amplification techniques depicted in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 depicts a comparison of the amino acid sequences of the GAG protein determined from the sequence of FIG. 4 with the GAG protein sequence obtained using the PCR amplification techniques depicted in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 depicts the immunological specificities of the V3 loop of HIV-1, HIV-2, and MVP-5180/91.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As far as is known, the RNA of HIV viruses—portrayed in a simplified manner—possesses the following gene regions: so-called long terminal repeats (LTR) at each end, together with the following gene regions: gag, pol, env and nef. The gag gene encodes, inter alia, the core proteins, p 24 and p 17, the pol gene encodes, inter alia, the reverse transcriptase, the RNAse H and the integrase, while the env gene encodes the gp 41 and gp 120 glycoproteins of the virus coat. The nef gene encodes a protein having a regulatory function. The arrangement of the genome of retroviruses of the HIV type is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.

The HIV-1 and HIV-2 retroviruses can be distinguished, inter alia, by testing viral antigen using a monoclonal antibody which is commercially available from Abbott (HIVAG-l monoclonal) in the form of a test kit and is directed against (HIV-1) p 24. It is known that the content of reverse transcriptase is roughly the same in the HIV-1 and HIV-2 virus types. If, therefore, the extinction (E 490 nm.) obtained in dilutions of the disrupted viruses by means of the antigen-antibody reaction is plotted against the activity of reverse transcriptase, a series of graphs is obtained corresponding roughly to that in FIG. 2. In this context, it is observed that, in the case of HIV-1, the monoclonal antibody employed has a very high binding affinity for p 24 in relation to the content of reverse transcriptase. By contrast, the monoclonal antibody employed has only a very low binding affinity for p 24 in the case of HIV-2, once again in relation to the content of reverse transcriptase. If these measurements are carried out on MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), the curve is then located almost precisely in the centre between the curves for HIV-1 and HIV-2, i.e. the binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody for MVP-5180/91 p 24 is reduced as compared with the case of HIV-1. FIG. 2 shows this relationship diagrammatically, with RT denoting reverse transcriptase, and the protein p 24, against which is directed the monoclonal antibody which is present in the test kit which can be purchased from Abbott, being employed as the antigen (Ag).

The so-called PCR (polymerase chain reaction) system has proved to have a multiplicity of uses in genetic manipulation, and the components which are required for implementing the process can be purchased. Using this process, it is possible to amplify DNA sequences if regions of the sequence to be amplified are known. Short, complementary DNA fragments (oligonucleotides=primers) have then to be synthesized which anneal to a short region of the nucleic acid sequence to be amplified. For carrying out the test, HIV nucleic acids are introduced together with the primers into a reaction mixture which additionally contains a polymerase and nucleotide triphosphates. The polymerization (DNA synthesis) is carried out for a given time and the nucleic acid strands are then separated by heating. After cooling, the polymerization then proceeds once more. If, therefore, the retrovirus according to the invention is an HIV-1 or HIV-2 virus, it should be possible to amplify the nucleic acid using primers which are conserved within the known sequences of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. Some primers of this type have previously been described (Lauré, F. et al., Lancet ii, (1988) 538-541 for pol 3 and pol 4, and Ou C.Y. et al., Science 239 (1988) 295-297 for sk 38/39 and sk 68/69).

It was discovered that use of particular primer pairs having the following sequence:

gaga (SEQ ID NO:1): CTACT AGTAC CCTTC AGG

gagb (SEQ ID NO:2): CGGTC TACAT AGTCT CTAAA G

 sk38 (SEQ ID NO:3): CCACC TATCC CAGTA GGAGA A

sk39 (SEQ ID NO:4): CCTTT GGTCC TTGTC TTATG TCCAG AATGC

or

po13 (SEQ ID NO:5): TGGGA AGTTC AATTA GGAAT ACCAC

po14 (SEQ ID NO:6): CCTAC ATAGA AATCA TCCAT GTATT G

po13n (SEQ ID NO:7): TGGAT GTGGG TGATG CATA

po14n (SEQ ID NO:8): AGCAC ATTGT ACTGA TATCT A

and

SK145 (SEQ ID NO:9): AGTGG GGGGA CATCA AGCAG CC

SK150 (SEQ ID NO:10): TGCTA TGTCA CTTCC CCTTG GT

145-P (SEQ ID NO:11): CCATG CAAAT GTTAA AAGAG AC

150-P (SEQ ID NO:12): GGCCT GGTGC AATAG GCCC

or a combination of pol 3 and pol 4 with

UNI-1 (SEQ ID NO:13): GTGCT TCCAC AGGGA TGGAA

UNI-2 (SEQ ID NO:14): ATCAT CCATG TATTG ATA

(Donehower L. A. et al. (1990) J. Virol. Methods 28, 33-46) and employing PCR with nested primers, led to weak amplifications of the MVP-5180/91 DNA (SEQ ID NO:56).

No amplification, or only weak amplification as compared with HIV-1, possibly attributable to impurities, was obtained with the following primer sequences:

tat 1 (SEQ ID NO:15): AATGG AGCCA GTAGA TCCTA

 tat 2 (SEQ ID NO:16): TGTCT CCGCT TCTTC CTGCC

tat 1P (SEQ ID NO:17): GAGCC CTGGA AGCAT CCAGG

tat 2P (SEQ ID NO:18): GGAGA TGCCT AAGGC TTTTG

enva (SEQ ID NO:19): TGTTC CTTGG GTTCT TG

envb (SEQ ID NO:20): GAGTT TTCCA GAGCA ACCCC

sk68 (SEQ ID NO:21): AGCAG CAGGA AGCAC TATGG

sk69 (SEQ ID NO:22): GCCCC AGACT GTGAG TTGCA ACAG

5v3e (SEQ ID NO:23): GCACA GTACA ATGTA CACAT GG

3v3e (SEQ ID NO:24): CAGTA GAAAA ATTCC CCTCC AC

5v3degi (SEQ ID NO:25): TCAGG ATCCA TGGGC AGTCT AGCAG AAGAA G

3v3degi (SEQ ID NO:26): ATGCT CGAGA ACTGC AGCAT CGATT CTGGG TCCCC TCCTG AG

3v3longdegi (SEQ ID NO:27): CGAGA ACTGC AGCAT CGATG CTGCT CCCAA GAACC CAAGG

3v3longext (SEQ ID NO:28): GGAGC TGCTT GATGC CCCAG A

gagdi (SEQ ID NO:29): TGATG ACAGC ATGTC AGGGA GT

pol e (SEQ ID NO:30): GCTGA CATTT ATCAC AGCTG GCTAC

Amplifications which were weak as compared with those for HIV-1, but nevertheless of the same intensity as those for the HIV-2 isolate (MVP-11971/87) employed, were obtained with

gag c (SEQ ID NO:31): TATCA CCTAG AACTT TAAAT GCATG GG

 gag d (SEQ ID NO:32): AGTCC CTGAC ATGCT GTCAT CA

env c (SEQ ID NO:33): GTGGA GGGGA ATTTT TCTAC TG

env d (SEQ ID NO:34): CCTGC TGCTC CCAAG AACCC AAGG.

The so-called Western blot (immunoblot) is a common method for detecting HIV antibodies. In this method, the viral proteins are fractionated by gel electrophoresis and then transferred to a membrane. The membranes provided with the transferred proteins are then brought into contact with sera from the patients to be investigated. If antibodies against the viral proteins are present, these antibodies will bind to the proteins. After the membranes have been washed, only antibodies which are specific for the viral proteins will remain. The antibodies are then rendered visible using antiantibodies which, as a rule, are coupled to an enzyme which catalyzes a color reaction. In this way, the bands of the viral proteins can be rendered visible.

The virus MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention exhibits two significant and important differences from the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses in a Western blot. HIV-1 regularly shows a strong band, which is attributable to protein p 24, and a very weak band, which is often scarcely visible and which is attributable to protein p 23. HIV-2 exhibits a strong band, which is attributable to protein p 25, and sometimes a weak band, which is attributable to protein p 23. In contrast to this, the MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) virus according to the invention exhibits two bands of approximately equal strength, corresponding to proteins p 24 and p 25.

A further significant difference exists in the bands which are attributable to reverse transcriptase. HIV-1 shows one band (p 53) which corresponds to reverse transcriptase and one band (p 66) which corresponds to reverse transcriptase bound to RNAse H. In the case of HIV-2, the reverse transcriptase corresponds to protein p 55 and, if it is bound to RNAse H, to protein p 68. By contrast, MPV-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention exhibits one band at protein p 48, which corresponds to reverse transcriptase, and one band, at protein p 60, which corresponds to reverse transcriptase bound to RNAse H. It can be deduced from these results that the reverse transcriptase of MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) has a molecular weight which is roughly between 3 and 7 kilodaltons less than that of the reverse transcriptases of HIV-1 and HIV-2. The reverse transcriptase of MVP-5180 consequently has a molecular weight which is roughly between 4,500 daltons and 5,500 daltons less than that of the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 or HIV-2.

It was discovered that anti-env antibodies could only be detected weakly in the sera of German patients exhibiting signs of immunodeficiency when the MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) virus according to the invention was used, whereas the sera reacted strongly if an HIV-1 virus was used instead of the virus according to the invention. This stronger detection reaction was located in the gp 41 protein, in particular. In the experiments, serum panels were compared which on the one hand derived from German patients and on the other from African patients showing signs of immune deficiency.

The abovementioned characteristics are indicative of those virus variants which correspond to MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention. Therefore, the virus according to the invention, or variants thereof, can be obtained by isolating immunodeficiency viruses from heparinized donor blood derived from persons who exhibit signs of immune deficiency and who preferably originate from Africa.

Since the virus possessing the abovementioned properties has been isolated, the cloning of a cDNA can be carried out in the following manner: the virus is precipitated from an appropriately large quantity of culture (about 1 l ) and then taken up in phosphate-buffered sodium chloride solution. It is then pelleted through a (20% strength) sucrose cushion. The virus pellet can be suspended in 6 M guanidinium chloride in 20 mM dithiothreitol and 0.5% Nonidet P 40. CsCl is added to bring its concentration to 2 molar and the solution containing the disrupted virus is transferred to a cesium chloride cushion. The viral RNA is then pelleted by centrifugation, and subsequently dissolved, extracted with phenol and precipitated with ethanol and lithium chloride. Synthesis of the first cDNA strand is carried out on the viral RNA, or parts thereof, using an oligo(dT) primer. The synthesis can be carried out using a commercially available kit and adding reverse transcriptase. To synthesize the second strand, the RNA strand of the RNA/DNA hybrid is digested with RNase H, and the second strand is then synthesized using E. coli DNA polymerase I. Blunt ends can then be produced using T4 DNA polymerase and these ends can be joined to suitable linkers for restriction cleavage sites. Following restriction digestion with the appropriate restriction endonuclease, the cDNA fragment is isolated from an agarose gel and ligated to a vector which has previously been cut in an appropriate manner. The vector containing the cDNA insert can then be used for transforming competent E. coli cells. The colonies which are obtained are then transferred to membranes, lysed and denatured, and then finally detected by hybridization with nucleic acid labeled with digoxigenin or biotin. Once the corresponding cDNA has been prepared by genetic manipulation, it is possible to isolate the desired DNA fragments originating from the retrovirus. By incorporating these fragments into suitable expression vectors, the desired protein or protein fragment can then be expressed and employed for the diagnostic tests.

As an alternative to the stated method, the immunodeficiency virus can be cloned with the aid of PCR technology, it being possible to use the abovementioned primers.

The similarity between different virus isolates can be expressed by the degree of homology between the nucleic acid or protein sequences. 50% homology means, for example, that 50 out of 100 nucleotides or amino acid positions in the sequences correspond to each other. The homology of proteins is determined by sequence analysis. Homologous DNA sequences can also be identified by the hybridization technique.

In accordance with the invention, a part of the coat protein was initially sequenced and it was ascertained that this sequence possessed only relatively slight homology to the corresponding sequences from viruses of the HIV type. On the basis of a comparison with HIV sequences, which was carried out using data banks, it was established, in relation to the gp 41 region in particular, that the homology was at most 66% (nucleotide sequence).

In addition to this, the region was sequenced which encodes gp 41. This sequence is presented in Tables 1 and 3. Table 1 includes DNA SEQ ID NO:37, DNA SEQ ID NO:38, and amino acid SEQ ID NO:39. Table 3 includes DNA SEQ ID NO:44, DNA SEQ ID NO:45, and amino acid SEQ ID NO:46.

The present invention therefore relates to those viruses which possess an homology of more than 66%, preferably 75% and particularly preferably 85%, to the HIV virus, MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), according to the invention, based on the nucleotide sequence in Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:37; SEQ ID NO:38) and/or in Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:44; SEQ ID NO:45).

Furthermore, the present invention relates to those viruses which possess an homology of more than 66%, preferably 75% and particularly preferably 85%, to partial sequences of the nucleotide sequence presented in Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:44; SEQ ID NO:45), which sequences are at least 50, preferably 100, nucleotides long. This corresponds to a length of the peptides of at least 16, and preferably of at least 33, amino acids.

The sequence of the virus according to the invention differs from that of previously known viruses. The present invention therefore relates to those viruses, and corresponding DNA and amino acid sequences, which correspond to a large extent to the sequence of the virus according to the invention, the degree of deviation being established by the degree of homology. An homology of, for example, more than 85% denotes, therefore, that those sequences are included which have in at least 85 of 100 nucleotides or amino acids the same nucleotides or amino acids, respectively, while the remainder can be different. When establishing homology, the two sequences are compared in such a way that the greatest possible number of nucleotides or amino acids corresponding to each other are placed in congruence.

The (almost) complete sequence, given as the DNA sequence of the virus according to the invention, is reproduced in FIG. 4 and included as DNA SEQ ID NO:56. In this context, the present invention relates to viruses which possess the sequence according to FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56), and variants thereof which possess a high degree of homology with the sequence of FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56), as well as proteins, polypeptides and oligopeptides derived therefrom which can be used diagnostically or can be employed as vaccines.

Using the isolated sequence as a basis, immunodominant epitopes (peptides) can be designed and synthesized. Since the nucleic acid sequence of the virus is known, the person skilled in the art can derive the amino acid sequence from this known sequence. A constituent region of the amino acid sequence is given in Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46). The present invention also relates, therefore, to antigens, i.e. proteins, oligopeptides or polypeptides, which can be prepared with the aid of the information disclosed in FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56) and Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:44; SEQ ID NO:45, and SEQ ID NO:46). These antigens, proteins, polypeptides and oligopeptides possess amino acid sequences which can either be derived from FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56) or are given in Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46). The antigens or peptides can possess relatively short constituent sequences of an amino acid sequence which is reproduced in Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46) or which can be derived from FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56). This amino acid sequence is at least 6, preferably at least 10 and particularly preferably at least 15, amino acids in length. These peptides can be prepared not only with the aid of recombinant technology but also using synthetic methods. A suitable preparation route is solid-phase synthesis of the Merrifield type. Further description of this technique, and of other processes known to the state of the art, can be found in the literature, e.g. M. Bodansky, et al., Peptide Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition 1976.

In the diagnostic tests, a serum sample from the person to be investigated is brought into contact with the protein chains of one or more proteins or glycoproteins (which can be expressed in eukaryotic cell lines), or parts thereof, which originate from MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56). Test processes which are preferred include immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic test processes (e.g. ELISA or immunoblot).

In the immunoenzymatic tests (ELISA), antigen originating from MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) or a variant thereof, for example, can be bound to the walls of microtiter plates. The dosage used in this context depends to an important degree on the test system and the treatment of the microtiter plates. Serum or dilutions of serum deriving from the person to be investigated are then added to the wells of the microtiter plates. After a predetermined incubation time, the plate is washed and specific immunocomplexes are detected by antibodies which bind specifically to human immunoglobulins and which had previously been linked to an enzyme, for example horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, etc., or to enzyme-labeled antigen. These enzymes are able to convert a colorless substrate into a strongly colored product, and the presence of specific anti-HIV antibodies can be gathered from the strength of the coloration. A further option for using the virus according to the invention in test systems is its use in Western blots.

Even if the preparation of vaccines against immunodeficiency diseases is proving to be extremely difficult, this virus, too, or parts thereof, i.e. immunodominant epitopes and inducers of cellular immunity, or antigens prepared by genetic manipulation, can still be used for developing and preparing vaccines.

EXAMPLE 1

The immunodeficiency virus according to the invention, MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), was isolated from the blood of a female patient exhibiting signs of immune deficiency. To do this, peripheral mononuclear cells (peripheral blood lymphocytes, PBL) and peripheral lymphocytes from the blood (PBL) of a donor who was not infected with HIV were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and maintained in culture. For this purpose, use was made of the customary medium RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum. The culture conditions are described in Landay A. et al., J. Inf. Dis., 161 (1990) pp. 706-710. The formation of giant cells was then observed under the microscope. The production of HIV viruses was ascertained by determining the p 24 antigen using the test which can be purchased from Abbott. An additional test for determining the growth of the viruses consisted of the test using particle-bound reverse transcriptase (Eberle J., Seibl R., J. Virol. Methods 40, 1992, pp. 347-356). The growth of the viruses was therefore determined once or twice a week on the basis of the enzymatic activities in the culture supernatant, in order to monitor virus production. New donor lymphocytes were added once a week.

Once it was possible to observe HIV virus multiplication, fresh peripheral lymphocytes from the blood (PBL) of healthy donors, who were not infected with HIV, were infected with supernatant from the first culture. This step was repeated and the supernatant was then used to infect H 9 and HUT 78 cells. In this way, it was possible to achieve permanent production of the immunodeficiency virus. The virus was deposited with the ECACC under No. V 920 92 318.

EXAMPLE 2

So-called Western blot or immunoblot is currently a standard method for detecting HIV infections. Various sera were examined in accordance with the procedure described by Gürtler et al. in J. Virol. Meth. 15 (1987) pp. 11-23. In doing this, sera from German patients were compared with sera which had been obtained from African patients. The following results were obtained:

Virus type German sera African sera HIV-1, virus strong reaction strong reaction isolated from using gp 41 German patients MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID no reaction to strong reaction NO:56) weak reaction using gp 41

The results presented above demonstrate that a virus of the HIV-1 type isolated from German patients may possibly, if used for detecting HIV infections, fail to provide unambiguous results if the patient was infected with a virus corresponding to MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention. It is assumed here that those viruses can be detected using the virus according to the invention which possess at least about 85% homology, based on the total genome, with the virus according to the invention.

EXAMPLE 3

Further Western blots were carried out in accordance with the procedure indicated in Example 2. The results are presented in the enclosed FIG. 3. In this test, the viral protein of the immunodeficiency virus MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention, in the one case, and the viral protein of an HIV-1 type virus (MVP-899), in the other, was fractionated by gel electrophoresis and then transferred to cellulose filters. These filter strips were incubated with the sera from different patients and the specific antibodies were then rendered visible by a color reaction. The left half of the figure with the heading MVP-5180 shows the immunodeficiency virus according to the invention. The right half of the figure shows a virus (MVP-899), which is an HIV-1 virus, isolated from a German donor.

In FIG. 3, the same sera (from German patients) were in each case reacted with two respective filter strips, the numbers 8 and 26; 9 and 27; 10 and 28; 11 and 29; 12 and 30; 13 and 31; 14 and 32; 15 and 33, and 16 and 34 indicating the same sera. Sera from African patients were employed in the Western blots having the numbers 17 and 18. The numbers on the right hand margins indicate the approximate molecular weights in thousands (KD).

FIG. 3 shows clearly that sera from German patients only react very weakly with the immunodeficiency virus according to the invention in a Western blot using gp 41. By contrast, sera from African patients react very strongly with the immunodeficiency virus according to the invention. FIG. 3 makes it clear, therefore, that when the immunodeficiency virus according to the invention is used those immunodeficiency infections can be detected which only yield questionable, i.e. not unambiguously positive, results when an HIV-1 or HIV-2 virus is used. This option for detection can be of far-reaching diagnostic importance since, in those cases in which only questionable results are obtained in a Western blot, it cannot be established with unambiguous certainty whether an infection with an immunodeficiency virus is present. However, if the immunodeficiency virus according to the invention can be used to assign such questionable results to an infection with a virus of the type according to the invention, this then represents a substantial diagnostic advance.

EXAMPLE 4

DNA isolation, amplification and structural characterization of sections of the genome of the HIV isolate MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56).

Genomic DNA from HUT 78 cells infected with MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) was isolated by standard methods.

In order to characterize regions of the genome of the isolate MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56), PCR (polymerase chain reaction) experiments were carried out using a primer pair from the region of the coat protein gp 41. The PCR experiments were carried out in accordance with the method of Saiki et al. (Saiki et al., Science 239: 487-491, 1988) using the following modifications: for the amplification of regions of HIV-specific DNA, 5 μl of genomic DNA from HUT 78 cells infected with MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) were pipetted into a 100 μl reaction mixture (0.25 mM dNTP, in each case 1 μm primer 1 and primer 2, 10 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 MgCl₂, 0.001% gelatin, 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin Elmer)), and amplification was then carried out in accordance with the following temperature program: 1. initial denaturation: 3′ 95° C., 2. amplification: 90″ 94° C., 60″ 56° C., 90″, 72° C. (30 cycles).

The primers used for the PCR and for nucleotide sequencing were synthesized on a Biosearch 8750 oligonucleotide synthesizer.

Primer 1 (SEQ ID NO:35): AGC AGC AGG AAG CAC TAT GG

(coordinates from HIV-1 isolate HXB2: bases 7795-7814, corresponds to primer sk 68) (SEQ ID NO:21)

Primer 2 (SEQ ID NO:36): GAG TTT TCC AGA GCA ACC CC

(coordinates from HIV-1 isolate HXB2: bases 8003-8022, corresponds to primer env b (SEQ ID NO:20).

The amplified DNA was fractionated on a 3% “Nusieve” agarose gel (from Biozyme) and the amplified fragment was then cut out and an equal volume of buffer (1*TBE (0.09 M Tris borate, 0.002 M EDTA, pH 8.0) was added to it. After incubating the DNA/agarose mixture at 70° C. for 10 minutes, and subsequently extracting with phenol, the DNA was precipitated from the aqueous phase by adding 1/10 vol of 3 M NaAc, pH 5.5, and 2 vol of ethanol and storing at −20° C. for 15′, and then subsequently pelleted in a centrifuge (Eppendorf) (13,000 rpm, 10′, 4° C.). The pelleted DNA was dried and taken up in water, and then, after photometric determination of the DNA concentration at 260 nm in a spectrophotometer (Beckman), sequenced by the Sanger method (F. Sanger, Proc. Natl. Acad,. Sci., 74: 5463, 1977). Instead of sequencing with Klenow DNA polymerase, the sequencing reaction was carried out using a kit from Applied Biosystems (“Taq dye deoxy terminator cycle sequencing”, order No.: 401150). Primer 1 (SEQ ID NO:35) or primer 2 (SEQ ID NO:36) (in each case 1 μM) was employed as primers in separate sequencing reactions. The sequencing reaction was analysed on a 373A DNA sequencing apparatus (Applied Biosystems) in accordance with the instructions of the apparatus manufacturer.

The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA region, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it, are presented in Table 1. Table 1 includes the DNA sequences SEQ ID NO:37 and SEQ ID NO:38, as well as amino acid SEQ ID NO:39. The top line in Table 1 corresponds to SEQ ID NO:37, the middle line corresponds to SEQ ID NO:38, and the bottom line corresponds to the amino acid SEQ ID NO:39.

TABLE 1 GCGCAGCGGCAACAGCGCTGACGGTACGGACCCACAGTGTACTGAAGGGTATAGTGCAAC ----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ CGCGTCGCCGTTGTCGCGACTGCCATGCCTGGGTGTCACATGACTTCCCATATCACGTTG   A  A  A  T  A  L  T  V  R  T  H  S  V  L  K  G  I  V  Q  Q AGCAGGACAACCTGCTGAGAGCGATACAGGCCCAGCAACACTTGCTGAGGTTATCTGTAT ---------+--------+---------+-----+----+---------+---------+ TCGTCCTGTTGGACGACTCTCGCTATGTCCGGGTCGTTGTGAACGACTCCAATAGACATA   Q  D  N  L  L  R  A  I  Q  A  Q  Q  H  L  L  R  L  S  V  W GGGGTATTAGACAACTCCGAGCTCGCCTGCAAGCCTTAGAAACCCTTATACAGAATCAGC ---------+--------+----------+---------+---------+---------+ CCCCATAATCTGTTGAGGCTCGAGCGGACGTTCGGAATCTTTGGGAATATGTCTTAGTCG   G  I  R  Q  L  R  A  R  L  Q  A  L  E  T  L  I  Q  N  Q  Q AACGCCTAAACCTAT ---------+-----   195 TTGCGGATTTGGATA   R  L  N  L

EXAMPLE 5

The found nucleotide sequence from Table 1 was examined for homologous sequences in the GENEBANK database (Release 72, June 1992) using the GCG computer program (Genetic Computer Group, Inc., Wisconsin USA, Version 7.1, March 1992). Most of the nucleotide sequences of immunodeficient viruses of human origin and of isolates from primates known by July 1992 are contained in this database.

The highest homology shown by the nucleotide sequence from Table 1, of 66%, is to a chimpanzee isolate. The highest homology shown by the investigated DNA sequence from MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) to HIV-1 isolates is 64%. The DNA from Table 1 is 56% homologous to HIV-2 isolates. Apart from the chimpanzee isolate sequence, the best homology between the nucleotide sequence from Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:37; SEQ ID NO:38) and segments of DNA from primate isolates (SIV: simian immunodeficiency virus) is found with a DNA sequence encoding a part of the coat protein region from the SIV isolate (African long-tailed monkey) TYO-1. The homology is 61.5%.

EXAMPLE 6

The found amino acid sequence from Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:39) was examined for homologous sequences in the SWISSPROT protein database (Release Jun. 22, 1992) using the GCG computer program. Most of the protein sequences of immunodeficiency viruses of human origin and of isolates from primates known by June 1992 are contained in this database.

The highest homology shown by the amino acid sequence from Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:39), of 62.5%, is to a segment of coat protein from the abovementioned chimpanzee isolate. The best homology among HIV-1 coat proteins to the amino acid sequence from Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:39) is found in the isolate HIV-1 Mal. The homology is 59%. The highest homology of the amino acid sequence from Table 1 (SEQ ID NO:39) to HIV-2 coat proteins is 52% (isolate HIV-2 Rod). Since HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, themselves, are at most only 64% identical in the corresponding protein segment, the MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) isolate appears to be an HIV variant which clearly differs structurally from HIV-1 and HIV-2 and thus represents an example of an independent group of HIV viruses.

The amino acid sequence of the amplified region of DNA (Table 1; SEQ ID NO:39) from the HIV isolate MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) overlaps an immunodiagnostically important region of the coat protein gp 41 from HIV-1 (amino acids 584-618*) (Table 2, which includes SEQ ID NO:61 as the top line and SEQ ID NO:63 as the bottom line) (Gnann et al., J. Inf. Dis. 156: 261-267, 1987; Norrby et al., Nature, 329: 248-250, 1987).

Corresponding amino acid regions from the coat proteins of HIV-2 and SIV are likewise immunodiagnostically conserved (Gnann et al., Science, pp. 1346-1349, 1987). Thus, peptides from this coat protein region of HIV-1 and HIV-2 are employed as solid-phase antigens in many commercially available HIV-1/2 antibody screening tests. Approximately 99% of the anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 positive sera can be identified by them.

The amino acid region of the MVP-5180/91 coat protein (Table 1) could be of serodiagnostic importance owing to the overlap with the immunodiagnostically important region from gp 41. This would be the case particularly if antisera from HIV-infected patients failed to react positively with any of the commercially available antibody screening tests. In these cases, the infection could be with a virus which was closely related to MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56).

TABLE 2 (includes SEQ ID NO:61 as the top line and SEQ ID NO:63 as the bottom line)          .         .         .         . ........RILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNAS         |: |:| .:.:|| |.: WGIRQLRARLQALETLIQNQQRLNL..................

EXAMPLE 7

DNA isolation, amplification and structural characterization of genome segments from the HIV isolate MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) (encoding gp 41).

Genomic DNA from MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56)-infected HUT 78 cells was isolated as described.

In order to characterize genomic regions of the isolate MVP-5180/91, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) experiments were carried out using primer pairs from the gp 41 coat protein region. PCR (Saiki et al., Science 239: 487-491, 1988) and inverse PCR (Triglia et al., Nucl. Acids, Res. 16: 8186, 1988) were carried out with the following modifications:

1. PCR

For the amplification of HIV-specific DNA regions, 5 μl (218 μg/ml) of genomic DNA from MVP-5180/91-infected HUT 78 cells were pipetted into a 100 μl reaction mixture (0.25 mM dNTP, in each case 1 μm primer 163env (SEQ ID NO:40) and primer envend (SEQ ID NO:41), 10 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 0.001% gelatin, 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin Elmer)), and amplification was then carried out in accordance with the following temperature program: 1. initial denaturation: 3 min. 95° C., 2. amplification: 90 sec. 94° C., 60 sec. 56° C., 90 sec. 72° C. (30 cycles).

2. Inverse PCR

The 5′ region of gp 41 (N terminus) and the 3′ sequence of gp 120 were amplified by means of “inverse PCR”. For this, 100 μl of a genomic DNA preparation (218 μg/ml) from MVP-5180/91-infected HUT 78 cells were digested at 37° C. for 1 hour in a final volume of 200 μl using 10 units of the restriction endonuclease Sau3a. The DNA was subsequently extracted with phenol and then precipitated using sodium acetate (final concentration 300 mM) and 2.5 volumes of ethanol, with storage at −70° C. for 10 min, and then centrifuged down in an Eppendorf centrifuge; the pellet was then dried and resuspended in 890 μl of distilled water. Following addition of 100 μl of ligase buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.8, 10 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM DTT, 1 mM ATP, 25 μg/ml bovine serum albumin) and 10 μl of T4 DNA ligase (from Boehringer, Mannheim), the DNA fragments were ligated at room temperature for 3 hours and then extracted with phenol once again and precipitated with sodium acetate and ethanol as above. After centrifuging down and drying, the DNA was resuspended in 40 μl of distilled water and digested for 1 hour with 10 units of the restriction endonuclease SacI (from Boehringer, Mannheim). 5 μl of this mixture were then employed in a PCR experiment as described under “1. PCR”. The primers 168i (SEQ ID NO:42) and 169i (SEQ ID NO:43) were used for the inverse PCR in place of primers 163env (SEQ ID NO:40) and envend (SEQ ID NO:41).

The primers 163env (SEQ ID NO:40), 168i (SEQ ID NO:42) and 169i (SEQ ID NO:43) were selected from that part of the sequence of the HIV isolate MVP-5180 (SEQ ID NO:56) which had already been elucidated (Example 4).

The primers used for the PCR/inverse PCR and the nucleotide sequencing were synthesized on a Biosearch 8750 oligonucleotide synthesizer, with the primers having the following sequences:

 Primer 163env (SEQ ID NO:40): 5′ CAG AAT CAG CAA CGC CTA AAC C 3′

Primer envend (SEQ ID NO:41): 5′ GCC CTG TCT TAT TCT TCT AGG 3′

(position from HIV-1 isolate BH10: bases 8129-8109)

Primer 168i (SEQ ID NO:42): 5′ GCC TGC AAG CCT TAG AAA CC 3′

Primer 169i (SEQ ID NO:43): 5′ GCA CTA TAC CCT TCA GTA CAC TG 3′

The amplified DNA was fractionated on a 3% “Nusieve” agarose gel (from Biozyme) and the amplified fragment was then cut out and an equal volume of buffer (1*TBE (0.09 M Tris borate, 0.002 M EDTA, pH 8.0)) was added to it. After incubating the DNA/agarose mixture at 70° C. for 10 minutes, and subsequent phenol extraction, the DNA was precipitated from the aqueous phase by adding 1/10 vol of 3 M NaAc, pH 5.5, and 2 vol of ethanol, and storing at −20° C. for 15′, and then pelleted in an Eppendorf centrifuge (13,000 rpm, 10′, 4° C.). The pelleted DNA was dried and then taken up in water and sequenced by the method of Sanger (F. Sanger, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 74: 5463, 1977) following photometric determination of the DNA concentration at 260 nm in a spectrophotometer (from Beckman). Instead of sequencing with Klenow DNA polymerase, the sequencing reaction was carried out using a kit from Applied Biosystems (“Taq dye deoxy terminator cycle sequencing”, order No.: 401150). Primer 163env (SEQ ID NO:40) or primer envend (SEQ ID NO:41) (in each case 1 μM) was employed as the primer in separate sequencing reactions. The amplified DNA from the inverse PCR experiment was sequenced using primers 168i (SEQ ID NO:42) and 169i (SEQ ID NO:43). The sequencing reaction was analysed on an Applied Biosystems 373A DNA sequencing apparatus in accordance with the instructions of the apparatus manufacturer.

The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA region, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it, are presented in Table 3. Table 3 includes DNA sequences SEQ ID NO:44 and SEQ ID N0:45, as well as amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:46. In Table 3, the top line corresponds to SEQ ID NO:44, the middle line corresponds to SEQ ID NO:45, and the bottom line represents amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:46.

TABLE 3 AAATGTCAAGACCAATAATAAACATTCACACCCCTCACAGGGAAAAAAGAGCAGTAGGAT    1 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+   60 TTTACAGTTCTGGTTATTATTTGTAAGTGTGGGGAGTGTCCCTTTTTTCTCGTCATCCTA   M  S  R  P  I  I  N  I  H  T  P  H  R  E  K  R |A  V  G  L                                      gp120             gp4l TGGGAATGCTATTCTTGGGGGTGCTAAGTGCAGCAGGTAGCACTATGGGCGCAGCGGCAA   61 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  120 ACCCTTACGATAAGAACCCCCACGATTCACGTCGTCCATCGTGATACCCGCGTCGCCGTT   G  M  L  F  L  G  V  L  S  A  A  G  S  T  M  G  A  A  A  T CAGCGCTGACGGTACGGACCCACAGTGTACTGAAGGGTATAGTGCAACAGCAGGACAACC  121 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  180 GTCGCGACTGCCATGCCTGGGTGTCACATGACTTCCCATATCACGTTGTCGTCCTGTTGG   A  L  T  V  R  T  H  S  V  L  K  G  I   V  Q  Q  Q  D  N  L TGCTGAGAGCGATACAGGCCCAGCAACACTTGCTGAGGTTATCTGTATGGGGTATTAGAC  181 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  240 ACGACTCTCGCTATGTCCGGGTCGTTGTGAACGACTCCAATAGACATACCCCATAATCTG   L  R  A  I  Q  A  Q  Q  H  L  L  R  L  S  V  W  G  I  R  Q AACTCCGAGCTCGCCTGCAAGCCTTAGAAACCCTTATACAGAATCAGCAACGCCTAAACC  241 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  300 TTGAGGCTCGAGCGGACGTTCGGAATCTTTGGGAATATGTCTTAGTCGTTGCGGATTTGG   L  R  A  R  L  Q  A  L  E  T  L  I  Q  N  Q  Q  R  L  N  L TATGGGGCTGTAAAGGAAAACTAATCTGTTACACATCAGTAAAATGGAACACATCATGGT  301 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  360 ATACCCCGACATTTCCTTTTGATTAGACAATGTGTAGTCATTTTACCTTGTGTAGTACCA   W  G  C  K  G  K  L  I  C  Y  T  S  V  K  W  N  T  S  W  S CAGGAGGATATAATGATGACAGTATTTGGGACAACCTTACATGGCAGCAATGGGACCAAC  361 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  420 GTCCTCCTATATTACTACTGTCATAAACCCTGTTGGAATGTACCGTCGTTACCCTGGTTG   G  G  Y  N  D  D  S  I  W  D  N  L  T  W  Q  Q  W  D  Q  H ACATAAACAATGTAAGCTCCATTATATATGATGAAATACAAGCAGCACAAGACCAACAGG  421 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  480 TGTATTTGTTACATTCGAGGTAATATATACTACTTTATGTTCGTCGTGTTCTGGTTGTCC   I  N  N  V  S  S  I  I  Y  D  E  I  Q  A  A  Q  D  Q  Q  E AAAAGAATGTAAAAGCATTGTTGGAGCTAGATGAATGGGCCTCTCTTTGGAATTGGTTTG  481 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  540 TTTTCTTACATTTTCGTAACAACCTCGATCTACTTACCCGGAGAGAAACCTTAACCAAAC   K  N  V  K  A  L  L  E  L  D  E  W  A  S  L  W  N  W  F  D ACATAACTAAATGGTTGTGGTATATAAAAATAGCTATAATCATAGTGGGAGCACTAATAG  541 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  600 TGTATTGATTTACCAACACCATATATTTTTATCGATATTAGTATCACCCTCGTGATTATC   I  T  K  W  L  W  Y  I  K  I  A  I  I  I  V  G  A  L  I  G GTATAAGAGTTATCATGATAGTACTTAATCTAGTGAAGAACATTAGGCAGGGATATCAAC  601 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  660 CATATTCTCAATAGTACTATCATGAATTAGATCACTTCTTGTAATCCGTCCCTATAGTTG   I  R  V  I  M  I  V  L  N  L  V  K  N  I  R  Q  G  Y  Q  P CCCTCTCGTTGCAGATCCCTGTCCCACACCGGCAGGAAGCAGAAACGCCAGGAAGAACAG  661 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  720 GGGAGAGCAACGTCTAGGGACAGGGTGTGGCCGTCCTTCGTCTTTGCGGTCCTTCTTGTC   L  S  L  Q  I  P  V  P  H  R  Q  E  A  E  T  P  G  R  T  G GAGAAGAAGGTGGAGAAGGAGACAGGCCCAAGTGGACAGCCTTGCCACCAGGATTCTTGC  721 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  780 CTCTTCTTCCACCTCTTCCTCTGTCCGGGTTCACCTGTCGGAACGGTGGTCCTAAGAACG   E  E  G   G  E  G  D  R  P  K  W  T  A  L  P  P  G  F  L  Q AACAGTTGTACACGGATCTCAGGACAATAATCTTGTGGACTTACCACCTCTTGAGCAACT  781 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  840 TTGTCAACATGTGCCTAGAGTCCTGTTATTAGAACACCTGAATGGTGGAGAACTCGTTGA   Q  L  Y  T  D  L  R  T  I  I  L  W  T  Y  H  L  L  S  N  L TAATATCAGGGATCCGGAGGCTGATCGACTACCTGGGACTGGGACTGTGGATCCTGGGAC  841 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  900 ATTATAGTCCCTAGGCCTCCGACTAGCTGATGGACCCTGACCCTGACACCTAGGACCCTG   I  S  G  I  R  R  L  I  D  Y  L  G  L  G  L  W  I  L  G  Q AAAAGACAATTGAAGCTTGTAGACTTTGTGGAGCTGTAATGCAATATTGGCTACAAGAAT  901 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+  960 TTTTCTGTTAACTTCGAACATCTGAAACACCTCGACATTACGTTATAACCGATGTTCTTA   K  T  I  E  A  C  R  L  C  G  A  V  M  Q  Y  W  L  Q  E   L TGAAAAATAGTGCTACAAACCTGCTTGATACTATTGCAGTGTCAGTTGCCAATTGGACTG  961 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 1020 ACTTTTTATCACGATGTTTGGACGAACTATGATAACGTCACAGTCAACGGTTAACCTGAC   K  N  S  A  T  N  L  L  D  T  I  A  V  S  V  A  N  W  T  D ACGGCATCATCTTAGGTCTACAAAGAATAGGACAAGG 1021 ---------+---------+---------+-------- 1057 TGCCGTAGTAGAATCCAGATGTTTCTTATCCTGTTCC   G  I  I  L  G  L  Q  R  I  G   Q

EXAMPLE 8

The found nucleotide sequence from Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:44; SEQ ID NO:45) was examined for homologous sequences in the GENEBANK database (Release 72, June 1992) using the GCG computer program (Genetic Computer Group, Inc. Wisconsin USA, version 7.1, March 1992). Most of the nucleotide sequences of immunodeficiency viruses of human origin and of isolates from primates known by July 1992 are contained in this database.

The highest homology of the nucleotide sequence from Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:44; SEQ ID NO:45) to an HIV-1 isolate is 62%. The DNA from Table 3 is 50% homologous to HIV-2 isolates.

The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence from Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46) was examined for homologous sequences in the SWISSPROT protein database (Release Jun. 22, 1992) using the GCG computer program. Most of the protein sequences of immunodeficiency viruses of human origin and of isolates from primates known by June 1992 are contained in this database.

At best, the amino acid sequence from Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46) is 54% homologous to the corresponding coat protein segment from a chimpanzee isolate CIV (SIVcpz) and 54.5% homologous to the HIV-1 isolate Mal. At best, the amino acid sequence from Table 3 (SEQ ID NO:46) is 34% homologous to HIV-2 coat proteins (isolate HIV-2 D194).

If, by contrast, the gp 41 amino acid sequence of HIV-1 is compared with the HIV-1 gp 41 sequence present in the SWISSPROT database, the highest homology is, as expected, almost 100%, and the lowest 78%.

These clear structural differences between the sequence region from Table 3 and the corresponding segment from HIV-1 and HIV-2 suggest that isolate MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) is an HIV variant which clearly differs structurally from HIV-1 and HIV-2. It is possible that MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) should be assigned to a separate group of HIV viruses which differ from HIV-1 and HIV-2.

The peptide from amino acid 584 to amino acid 618 of the HIV-1 coat protein region (SEQ ID NO:61) is of particular serodiagnostic interest (numbering in accordance with Wain Hobson et al., Cell 40: 9-17, 1985; Gnann et al., J. Inf. Dis. 156: 261-267, 1987; Norrby et al., Nature, 329: 248-250, 1987). Corresponding amino acid regions from the coat proteins of HIV-2 and SIV are likewise immunodiagnostically conserved (Gnann et al., Science, pp. 1346-1349, 1987). Thus, peptides from this coat protein region of HIV-1 and HIV-2 are employed as solid-phase antigens in many commercially available HIV-1/2 antibody screening tests. Using them, approximately 99% of the anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2-positive sera can be identified.

The corresponding amino acid region of the MVP-5180/91 coat protein (Table 4), as well as the whole gp 41 of this isolate, could be of serodiagnostic importance, particularly if antisera from HIV-infected patients either did not react at all or only reacted weakly in commercially available antibody screening tests. In these cases, the infection could be due to a virus which is closely related to MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56).

Table 4 includes SEQ ID NO:61, which is designated as line 1, and also highlights in line 2 the points of difference from the amino acid sequence designated SEQ ID NO:62. Amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:62 appears in full following Table 4.

TABLE 4 1  RILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNAS 2   LQ L TLIQN R NL    K    Y S K T 1 = HIV-1 amino acid sequence from gp 41 = (SEQ ID NO:61) 2 = MVP-5180 sequence from gp 41. Only differences from the HIV-1 sequence are indicated.

The peptide, which was found with the aid of information deriving from MVP-5180, thus has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:62): RLQALETLIQNQQRLNLWGCKGKLICYTSVKWNTS.

The present invention therefore relates to peptides which can be prepared recombinantly or synthetically and have the sequence indicated above, or a constituent sequence thereof, the constituent sequences having at least 6 consecutive amino acids, preferably 9 and particularly preferably 12 consecutive amino acids.

EXAMPLE 9

Cloning of the whole genome of the HIV isolate MVP-5180 (SEQ ID NO:56)

a) Preparation of a Genomic Library

Genomic DNA from MVP-5180-infected HUT 78 cells was isolated as described.

300 μg of this DNA were incubated for 45 min in a volume of 770 μl together with 0.24 U of the restriction enzyme Sau3A. The DNA, which was only partially cut in this incubation, was subsequently size-fractionated on a 0.7% agarose gel (low melting agarose, Nusieve) and fragments of between 10 and 21 kb were cut out. The agarose was melted at 70° C. for 10 min and the same volume of buffer (1*TBE, 0.2 M NaCl) was then added to it. Subsequently, after having extracted twice with phenol and once with chloroform, the DNA was precipitated by adding 1/10 vol. of 3 M sodium acetate solution (pH 5.9) and 2.5 vol. of ethanol, and storing at −70° C. for 10 min. The precipitated DNA was centrifuged down and dried and then dissolved in water at a concentration of 1 μg/μl.

The yield of size-fractionated DNA was about 60 μg. 5 μg of this DNA were incubated at 37° C. for 20 min in an appropriate buffer together with 1 U of alkaline phosphatase. In this way, the risk of multiple insertions of size-fractionated DNA was reduced by eliminating the 5′-terminal phosphate radical. The phosphatase treatment was stopped by extracting with phenol and the DNA was precipitated as above and then ligated at 15° C. for 12 hours together with 1 μg of the vector (2 DASH, BamHI-cut, Stratagene No.: 247611) in a total volume of 6 μl using 2 Weiss units of Lambda T4 ligase. Following completed ligation, the DNA was packaged into phage coats using a packaging kit (Gigapack II Gold, Stratagene No.: 247611) precisely in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

b) Radioactive Labeling of the DNA Probe.

The “random-primed DNA labeling kit” from Boehringer Mannheim (No.: 713 023) was employed for the labeling. The PCR product was labeled which was obtained as described in Example 3 using the primers sk68 (SEQ ID NO:21) and envb (SEQ ID NO:20). 1 μg of this DNA was denatured by 2*5 min of boiling and subsequent cooling in ice water. 50 mCi [a- ³²p]-dCTP (NEN, No.: NEX-053H) were added for the labeling. Other ingredients were added by pipette in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Following a 30 min incubation at 37° C., the DNA, which was now radioactively labeled, was precipitated.

c) Screening the Phage Library

20,000 pfu (plaque-forming units) of the library in 100 μl of SM buffer (5.8 g of NaCl, 2 g of MgSO₄, 50 ml of 1 M Tris, pH 7.5, and 5 ml of a 2% gelatin solution, dissolved in 1 l of H₂O) were added to 200 μl of a culture (strain SRB(P2) [Stratagene, No.: 247611] in LB medium, which contained 10 mM MgSO₄ and 0.2% maltose) which had been grown at 30° C. overnight; the phages were adsorbed to the bacteria at 37° C. for 20 min and 7.5 ml of top agarose, which had been cooled to 55° C., was then mixed in and the whole sample was distributed on a pre-warmed LB agar plate of 14 cm diameter. The plaques achieved confluence after about 8 hours. After that, nitrocellulose filters were laid on the plates for a few minutes and were marked asymmetrically. After having been carefully lifted from the plates, the filters were denatured for 2 min (0.5 M NaOH, 1.5 M NaCl) and then neutralized for 5 min (0.5 M Tris, pH 8, 1.5 M NaCl). The filters were subsequently baked at 80° C. for 60 min and could then be hybridized to the probe. For the prehybridization, the filters were incubated at 42° C. for 2-3 h, while shaking, in 15 ml of hybridization solution (50% formamide, 0.5% SDS, 5*SSPE, 5*Denhardt's solution and 0.1 mg/ml salmon sperm DNA) per filter. The [³²p]-labeled DNA probes were denatured at 100° C. for 2-5 min and then cooled on ice; they were then added to the prehybridization solution and hybridization was carried out at 42° C. for 12 hours. Subsequently, the filters were washed at 60° C., firstly with 2*SSC/0.1% SDS and then with 0.2*SSC/0.1% SDS. After the filters had been dried, hybridization signals were detected using the X-ray film X-OMAT™AR (Kodak).

Following elution in SM buffer, those plaques to which it was possible to assign a signal were individually separated in further dilution steps.

It was possible to identify the clone described below following screening of 2*10⁶ plaques.

d) Isolation of the phage DNA and subcloning

An overnight culture of the host strain SRB (P2) was infected with 10 11 of a phage eluate in SM buffer such that the culture initially grew densely but then lysed after about 6-8 h. Cell remnants were separated off from the lysed culture by centrifuging it twice at 9,000 g for 10 min. Subsequently, the phage were pelleted by centrifugation (35,000 g, 1 h), and then taken up in 700 μl of 10 mM MgSO₄ and extracted with phenol until a protein interface could no longer be seen. The phage DNA was then precipitated and cleaved with the restriction enzyme EcoRI, and the resulting EcoRI fragments were subcloned into the vector Bluescript, KS⁻ (Stratagene, No.: 212208). In all, 4 clones were obtained:

Plasmid Beginning¹ End¹ pSP1 1 1785 pSP2 1786 5833 pSP3 5834 7415 pSP4 7660 9793 ¹refers to the total sequence below

The missing section between bases 7416 and 7659 was obtained by PCR using the primers 157 (CCA TAA TAT TCA GCA GAA CTA G) (SEQ ID NO:64) and 226 (GCT GAT TCT GTA TAA GGG) (SEQ ID NO:65). The phage DNA of the clone was used as the DNA template. The conditions for the PCR were: 1.) initial denaturation: 94° C., 3 min, 2.) amplification: 1.5 min 94° C., 1 min 56° C. and 1 min 72° C. for 30 cycles.

The DNA was sequenced as described in Example 4. Both the strand and the antistrand of the total genome were sequenced. In the case of each site for EcoRI cleavage, PCR employing phage DNA of the clone as the DNA template was used to verify that there was indeed only the one EcoRI cleavage site at each subclone transition point.

TABLE 5 The position of the genes for the virus proteins GAG, POL and ENV in the full sequence of MVP-5180 Gene Start¹ Stop¹ GAG 817 2310 POL 2073 5153 ENV 6260 8887 ¹The numbers give the positions of the bases in the full sequence of MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) The full sequence of MVP-5180/91 is presented in FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56).

EXAMPLE 10

Delimitation of the full sequence of MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) from other HIV-1 isolates

The databanks Genbank, Release 75 of 2.93, EMBL 33 of 12.92, and Swissprot 24 of 1.93 provided the basis for the following sequence comparisons. Comparisons of homology were carried out using the GCG software (version 7.2, 10.92. from the Genetics Computer Group, Wisconsin).

Initially, the sequences of GAG, POL and ENV were compared with the database at the amino acid level using the “Wordsearch” program. The 50 best homologs were in each case compared with each other using the “Pileup” program. From this, it clearly emerges that MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) belongs in the HIV-1 genealogical tree but branches off from it at a very early stage, even prior to the chimpanzee virus SIVcpz, and thus represents a novel HIV-1 subfamily. In order to obtain numerical values for the homologies, MVP-5180 (SEQ ID NO:56) was compared with the HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV sequences which in each case showed the best fit, and in addition with the SIVcpz sequence, using the “Gap” program.

TABLE 6 Homology values for the amino acid sequences of GAG, POL and ENV of the MVP-5180/91 isolate GAG SIVcpz 70.2% HIV1u² 69.9% HIV2d³ 53.6% SIV1a⁴ 55.1% 83.6% 81.2% 71.3% 71.3% POL SIVcpz 78.0% HIV1u² 76.1% HIV2d³ 57.2% SIVgb⁵ 57.7% 88.0% 86.8% 71.9% 74.6% ENV SIVcpz 53.4% HIV1h¹ 50.9% HIV2d³ 34.4% SIVat⁶ 34.4% 67.1% 67.2% 58.7% 57.8% ¹h = hz321/Zaire, ²u = u455/Uganda, ³d = jrcst, ⁴a = agm155, ⁵gb = gb1, ⁶at = agm

The upper numerical value expresses the identity and the lower value the similarity of the two sequences.

In addition to this, the database was searched at the nucleotide level using “Wordsearch” and “Gap”. The homology values for the best matches in each- case are compiled in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Homology values for the nucleotide sequence of MVP-5180/91 HIV1 HIV2 gag HIVelicg 70.24% HIV2bihz 60.0% pol HIVmal  75.0% HIV2cam2 62.9% env HIVsimi84  59.7% HIV2gha 49.8

EXAMPLE 11

Description of the PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of the gag gene of the HIV 5180 isolate.

In order to depict the spontaneous mutations arising during the course of virus multiplication, a part of the viral genome was cloned using the PCR technique and the DNA sequence thus obtained was compared with the sequence according to FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56).

The gag sequence was cloned in an overlapping manner from the LTR (long terminal repeat, LTRl primer) of the left end of the MVP-5180 genome through into the pol gene (polymerase gene, pol3.5i primer). The cloning strategy is depicted schematically in FIG. 5.

The PCR reactions were carried out using the DNA primers given below, whose sequences were derived from the HIV-1 consensus sequence. The sequencings were carried out using the dideoxy chain termination method.

The sequence encoding the MVP-5180 gag gene extends from nucleotide 817 (A of the ATG start codon) to nucleotide 2300 (A of the last codon).

LTR1 (SEQ ID NO:47): 5′-CTA GCA GTG GCG CCC GAA CAG G-3′

gag3.5 (SEQ ID NO:48): 5′-AAT GAG GAA GCU GCA GAU TGG GA-3′ (U=A/T)

gag 3.5i (SEQ ID NO:49): 5′-TCC CAU TCT GCU GCT TCC TCA TT-3′ (U=A/T)

gag5 (SEQ ID NO:50): 5′-CCA AGG GGA AGT GAC ATA GCA GGA AC-3′

gag959 (SEQ ID NO:51): 5′-CGT TGT TCA GAA TTC AAA CCC-3′

gag11i (SEQ ID NO:52): 5′-TCC CTA AAA AAT TAG CCT GTC-3′

po13.5i (SEQ ID NO:53): 540-AAA CCT CCA ATT CCC CCT A-3′

The DNA sequence obtained using the PCR technique was compared with the DNA sequence presented in FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56). A comparison of the two DNA sequences is presented in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 includes SEQ ID NO:57, which corresponds to FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56) and SEQ ID NO:58, which corresponds to the DNA sequence obtained using the PCR technique. This showed that about 2% of the nucleotides differ from each other, although the virus is the same in the two cases. In FIG. 6, the upper line in each case represents the DNA sequence which is presented in FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56) and the lower line represents the DNA sequence obtained using the PCR technique.

In addition, the amino acid sequence of the gag protein, elucidated using the PCR technique, was compared with the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein deduced from FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:59). This showed an amino acid difference of about 2.2%. The comparison is presented in FIG. 7, the lower line in each case representing the amino acid sequence which was deduced from the sequence obtained using the PCR technique. FIG. 7 includes amino acid SEQ ID NO:59, which was elucidated in accordance with FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56), and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:60) derived using the PCR technique.

EXAMPLE 12

The sequence of the virus MVP-5180 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention was compared with the consensus sequences of HIV-1 and HIV-2, and with the sequence of ANT-70 (WO 89/12094), insofar as this was known.

In this connection, the following results were obtained:

TABLE 8 Deviating Number of the % homology Gene locus nucleotides nucleotides (approximated) LTR 207 630 HIV-1 67% 308 HIV-2 51% 115 ANT 70 82% GAG 448 1501 HIV-1 70% 570 HIV-2 62% POL 763 3010 HIV-1 74% 1011 HIV-2 66% VIF 183 578 HIV-1 68% 338 HIV-2 42% ENV 1196 2534 HIV-1 53% 1289 HIV-2 49% NEF 285 621 HIV-1 54% 342 HIV-2 45% total 3082 8874 HIV-1 65% 3858 HIV-2 56%

In the above table, “HIV-1” denotes consensus sequences of the HIV-1 viruses; “HIV-2” denotes consensus sequences of HIV-2 viruses; ANT-70 denotes the partial sequence of a virus designated HIV-3 and disclosed in WO 89/12094.

The present invention therefore relates to viruses, DNA sequences and amino acid sequences, and constituent sequences thereof, which possess such a degree of homology with the sequence presented in FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56), based on the gene loci, that at most the fractions given in Table 9, expressed in % values, are different.

TABLE 9 Homology based on gene loci, expressed as maximum differences Particularly Preferred preferred Gene locus Differences differences differences LTR 17% 15% 10% GAG 29% 28% 14% POL 25% 24% 12% VIF 31% 30% 15% ENV 46% 45% 22% NEF 16% 12% 10%

The homology values in % given in Table 9 mean that, when comparing the sequence according to FIG. 4 (SEQ ID NO:56) with a sequence of another virus, at most a fraction of the sequence corresponding to the abovementioned percentage values may be different.

EXAMPLE 13

V3 Loop

This loop is the main neutralizing region in HIV and the immunological specificities of the region are documented in summary form in FIG. 8. This is a copy from a work by Peter Nara (1990) from AIDS. The amino acid sequence of the V3 loop is shown diagrammatically and is compared with the IIIB virus, now LAI, and the first HIV-2 isolate (ROD). Individual amino acids are conserved at the cystine bridge. Whereas the crown of HIV-1 is GPGR or GPGQ and that of HIV-2 is GHVF, the crown of MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56) is formed from the amino acids GPMR. The motif with methionine has not previously been described and, emphasizes the individuality of MVP-5180/91 (SEQ ID NO:56).

After having determined the nucleotide sequence of the virus the V3-loop-region was amplified using the PCR-technique by using suitable primers. Some mutations have been observed, especially a change of the methionine codon (ATG) to the leucine codon (CTG).

In the following the amino acid sequence derived from the cloned nucleic acid is compared with a sequence obtained after amplification with the help of PCR technology.

MvP 5180 (cloned) (SEQ ID NO:54): CIREGIAEVQDIYTGPMRWRSMTLKRSNNTSPRSRVAYC

MvP 5180 (PCT technique) (SEQ ID NO:55): CIREGIAEVQDLHTGPLRWRSMTLKKSSNSHTQPRSKVAYC

EXAMPLE 14

In order to demonstrate that even those sera which cannot be identified in a normal HIV-1+2 screening test can be proved to be HIV-1-positive with the aid of the virus MVP-5180 (SEQ ID NO:56) according to the invention, or antigens derived therefrom, various sera from patients from the Cameroons were examined in the EIA test.

156 anti-HIV-1-positive sera were examined in a study carried out in the Cameroons. Substantial, diagnostically relevant differences were observed in two of these sera. The extinctions which were measured are given in Table 10 below. CAM-A and CAM-B denote the sera of different patients.

TABLE 10 Patient sera MVP-5180-EIA HIV-1 + HIV-2 EIA CAM-A 2.886 1.623 CAM-B 1.102 0.386 The cutoff for both tests was 0.300.

In a further study on 47 anti-HIV-1-positive sera from the Cameroons, two sera were of particular note. One of these (93-1000) derives from a patient showing relatively few symptoms and the other (93-1001) from a patient suffering from AIDS. The extinction values for the two EIA tests are compared in Table 11 below:

TABLE 11 Patient sera MVP-5180-EIA HIV-1 + HIV-2 EIA 93-1000 >2.5 1.495 93-1001 0.692 0.314

The cutoff was 0.3 in this case as well. The extinction values for patient 93-1001 demonstrate that the normal HIV-1+ HIV-2 EIA can fail whereas clear detection is possible the antigen according to the invention is employed.

67 1 18 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 1 ctactagtac ccttcagg 18 2 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 2 cggtctacat agtctctaaa g 21 3 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 3 ccacctatcc cagtaggaga a 21 4 30 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 4 cctttggtcc ttgtcttatg tccagaatgc 30 5 25 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 5 tgggaagttc aattaggaat accac 25 6 26 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 6 cctacataga aatcatccat gtattg 26 7 19 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 7 tggatgtggg tgatgcata 19 8 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 8 agcacattgt actgatatct a 21 9 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 9 agtgggggga catcaagcag cc 22 10 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 10 tgctatgtca cttccccttg gt 22 11 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 11 ccatgcaaat gttaaaagag ac 22 12 19 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 12 ggcctggtgc aataggccc 19 13 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 13 gtgcttccac agggatggaa 20 14 18 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 14 atcatccatg tattgata 18 15 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 15 aatggagcca gtagatccta 20 16 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 16 tgtctccgct tcttcctgcc 20 17 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 17 gagccctgga agcatccagg 20 18 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 18 ggagatgcct aaggcttttg 20 19 17 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 19 tgttccttgg gttcttg 17 20 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 20 gagttttcca gagcaacccc 20 21 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 21 agcagcagga agcactatgg 20 22 24 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 22 gccccagact gtgagttgca acag 24 23 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 23 gcacagtaca atgtacacat gg 22 24 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 24 cagtagaaaa attcccctcc ac 22 25 31 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 25 tcaggatcca tgggcagtct agcagaagaa g 31 26 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 26 atgctcgaga actgcagcat cgattctggg tcccctcctg ag 42 27 40 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 27 cgagaactgc agcatcgatg ctgctcccaa gaacccaagg 40 28 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 28 ggagctgctt gatgccccag a 21 29 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 29 tgatgacagc atgtcaggga gt 22 30 25 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 30 gctgacattt atcacagctg gctac 25 31 27 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 31 tatcacctag aactttaaat gcatggg 27 32 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 32 agtccctgac atgctgtcat ca 22 33 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 33 gtggagggga atttttctac tg 22 34 24 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 34 cctgctgctc ccaagaaccc aagg 24 35 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 35 agcagcagga agcactatgg 20 36 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 36 gagttttcca gagcaacccc 20 37 195 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus CDS (3)..(194) 37 gc gca gcg gca aca gcg ctg acg gta cgg acc cac agt gta ctg aag 47 Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Leu Thr Val Arg Thr His Ser Val Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 ggt ata gtg caa cag cag gac aac ctg ctg aga gcg ata cag gcc cag 95 Gly Ile Val Gln Gln Gln Asp Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala Ile Gln Ala Gln 20 25 30 caa cac ttg ctg agg tta tct gta tgg ggt att aga caa ctc cga gct 143 Gln His Leu Leu Arg Leu Ser Val Trp Gly Ile Arg Gln Leu Arg Ala 35 40 45 cgc ctg caa gcc tta gaa acc ctt ata cag aat cag caa cgc cta aac 191 Arg Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Gln Asn Gln Gln Arg Leu Asn 50 55 60 cta t 195 Leu 38 195 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus 38 ataggtttag gcgttgctga ttctgtataa gggtttctaa ggcttgcagg cgagctcgga 60 gttgtctaat accccataca gataacctca gcaagtgttg ctgggcctgt atcgctctca 120 gcaggttgtc ctgctgttgc actataccct tcagtacact gtgggtccgt accgtcagcg 180 ctgttgccgc tgcgc 195 39 64 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 39 Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Leu Thr Val Arg Thr His Ser Val Leu Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Val Gln Gln Gln Asp Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala Ile Gln Ala Gln Gln 20 25 30 His Leu Leu Arg Leu Ser Val Trp Gly Ile Arg Gln Leu Arg Ala Arg 35 40 45 Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Gln Asn Gln Gln Arg Leu Asn Leu 50 55 60 40 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 40 cagaatcagc aacgcctaaa cc 22 41 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 41 gccctgtctt attcttctag g 21 42 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 42 gcctgcaagc cttagaaacc 20 43 23 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 43 gcactatacc cttcagtaca ctg 23 44 1057 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus CDS (3)..(1055) 44 aa atg tca aga cca ata ata aac att cac acc cct cac agg gaa aaa 47 Met Ser Arg Pro Ile Ile Asn Ile His Thr Pro His Arg Glu Lys 1 5 10 15 aga cga gta gga ttg gga atg cta ttc ttg ggg gtg cta agt gca gca 95 Arg Arg Val Gly Leu Gly Met Leu Phe Leu Gly Val Leu Ser Ala Ala 20 25 30 ggt agc act atg ggc gca gcg gca aca gcg ctg acg gta cgg acc cac 143 Gly Ser Thr Met Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Leu Thr Val Arg Thr His 35 40 45 agt gta ctg aag ggt ata gtg caa cag cag gac aac ctg ctg aga gcg 191 Ser Val Leu Lys Gly Ile Val Gln Gln Gln Asp Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala 50 55 60 ata cag gcc cag caa cac ttg ctg agg tta tct gta tgg ggt att aga 239 Ile Gln Ala Gln Gln His Leu Leu Arg Leu Ser Val Trp Gly Ile Arg 65 70 75 caa ctc cga gct cgc ctg caa gcc tta gaa acc ctt ata cag aat cag 287 Gln Leu Arg Ala Arg Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Gln Asn Gln 80 85 90 95 caa cgc cta aac cta tgg ggc tgt aaa gga aaa cta atc tgt tac aca 335 Gln Arg Leu Asn Leu Trp Gly Cys Lys Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Tyr Thr 100 105 110 tca gta aaa tgg aac aca tca tgg tca gga gga tat aat gat gac agt 383 Ser Val Lys Trp Asn Thr Ser Trp Ser Gly Gly Tyr Asn Asp Asp Ser 115 120 125 att tgg gac aac ctt aca tgg cag caa tgg gac caa cac ata aac aat 431 Ile Trp Asp Asn Leu Thr Trp Gln Gln Trp Asp Gln His Ile Asn Asn 130 135 140 gta agc tcc att ata tat gat gaa ata caa gca gca caa gac caa cag 479 Val Ser Ser Ile Ile Tyr Asp Glu Ile Gln Ala Ala Gln Asp Gln Gln 145 150 155 gaa aag aat gta aaa gca ttg ttg gag cta gat gaa tgg gcc tct ctt 527 Glu Lys Asn Val Lys Ala Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Glu Trp Ala Ser Leu 160 165 170 175 tgg aat tgg ttt gac ata act aaa tgg ttg tgg tat ata aaa ata gct 575 Trp Asn Trp Phe Asp Ile Thr Lys Trp Leu Trp Tyr Ile Lys Ile Ala 180 185 190 ata atc ata gtg gga gca cta ata ggt ata aga gtt atc atg ata gta 623 Ile Ile Ile Val Gly Ala Leu Ile Gly Ile Arg Val Ile Met Ile Val 195 200 205 ctt aat cta gtg aag aac att agg cag gga tat caa ccc ctc tcg ttg 671 Leu Asn Leu Val Lys Asn Ile Arg Gln Gly Tyr Gln Pro Leu Ser Leu 210 215 220 cag atc cct gtc cca cac cgg cag gaa gca gaa acg cca gga aga aca 719 Gln Ile Pro Val Pro His Arg Gln Glu Ala Glu Thr Pro Gly Arg Thr 225 230 235 gga gaa gaa ggt gga gaa gga gac agg ccc aag tgg aca gcc ttg cca 767 Gly Glu Glu Gly Gly Glu Gly Asp Arg Pro Lys Trp Thr Ala Leu Pro 240 245 250 255 cca gga ttc ttg caa cag ttg tac acg gat ctc agg aca ata atc ttg 815 Pro Gly Phe Leu Gln Gln Leu Tyr Thr Asp Leu Arg Thr Ile Ile Leu 260 265 270 tgg act tac cac ctc ttg agc aac tta ata tca ggg atc cgg agg ctg 863 Trp Thr Tyr His Leu Leu Ser Asn Leu Ile Ser Gly Ile Arg Arg Leu 275 280 285 atc gac tac ctg gga ctg gga ctg tgg atc ctg gga caa aag aca att 911 Ile Asp Tyr Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Trp Ile Leu Gly Gln Lys Thr Ile 290 295 300 gaa gct tgt aga ctt tgt gga gct gta atg caa tat tgg cta caa gaa 959 Glu Ala Cys Arg Leu Cys Gly Ala Val Met Gln Tyr Trp Leu Gln Glu 305 310 315 ttg aaa aat agt gct aca aac ctg ctt gat act att gca gtg tca gtt 1007 Leu Lys Asn Ser Ala Thr Asn Leu Leu Asp Thr Ile Ala Val Ser Val 320 325 330 335 gcc aat tgg act gac ggc atc atc tta ggt cta caa aga ata gga caa 1055 Ala Asn Trp Thr Asp Gly Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Gln Arg Ile Gly Gln 340 345 350 gg 1057 45 1057 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus 45 ccttgtccta ttctttgtag acctaagatg atgccgtcag tccaattggc aactgcaact 60 gcaatagtat caagcaggtt tgtagcacta tttttcaatt cttgtagcca atattgcatt 120 acagctccac aaagtctaca agcttcaatt gtcttttgtc ccaggatcca cagtcccagt 180 cccaggtagt cgatcagcct ccggatccct gatattaagt tgctcaagag gtggtaagtc 240 cacaagatta ttgtcctgag atccgtgtac aactgttgca agaatcctgg tggcaaggct 300 gtccacttgg gcctgtctcc ttctccacct tcttctcctg ttcttcctgg cgtttctgct 360 tcctgccggt gtgggacagg gatctgcaac gagaggggtt gatatccctg cctaatgttc 420 ttcactagat taagtactat catgataact cttataccta ttagtgctcc cactatgatt 480 atagctattt ttatatacca caaccattta gttatgtcaa accaattcca aagagaggcc 540 cattcatcta gctccaacaa tgcttttaca ttcttttcct gttggtcttg tgctgcttgt 600 atttcatcat atataatgga gcttacattg tttatgtgtt ggtcccattg ctgccatgta 660 aggttgtccc aaatactgtc atcattatat cctcctgacc atgatgtgtt ccattttact 720 gatgtgtaac agattagttt tcctttacag ccccataggt ttaggcgttg ctgattctgt 780 ataagggttt ctaaggcttg caggcgagct cggagttgtc taatacccca tacagataac 840 ctcagcaagt gttgctgggc ctgtatcgct ctcagcaggt tgtcctgctg ttgcactata 900 cccttcagta cactgtgggt ccgtaccgtc agcgctgttg ccgctgcgcc catagtgcta 960 cctgctgcac ttagcacccc caagaatagc attcccaatc ctactgctct tttttccctg 1020 tgaggggtgt gaatgtttat tattggtctt gacattt 1057 46 351 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 46 Met Ser Arg Pro Ile Ile Asn Ile His Thr Pro His Arg Glu Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Gly Leu Gly Met Leu Phe Leu Gly Val Leu Ser Ala Ala Gly 20 25 30 Ser Thr Met Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Leu Thr Val Arg Thr His Ser 35 40 45 Val Leu Lys Gly Ile Val Gln Gln Gln Asp Asn Leu Leu Arg Ala Ile 50 55 60 Gln Ala Gln Gln His Leu Leu Arg Leu Ser Val Trp Gly Ile Arg Gln 65 70 75 80 Leu Arg Ala Arg Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Gln Asn Gln Gln 85 90 95 Arg Leu Asn Leu Trp Gly Cys Lys Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Tyr Thr Ser 100 105 110 Val Lys Trp Asn Thr Ser Trp Ser Gly Gly Tyr Asn Asp Asp Ser Ile 115 120 125 Trp Asp Asn Leu Thr Trp Gln Gln Trp Asp Gln His Ile Asn Asn Val 130 135 140 Ser Ser Ile Ile Tyr Asp Glu Ile Gln Ala Ala Gln Asp Gln Gln Glu 145 150 155 160 Lys Asn Val Lys Ala Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Glu Trp Ala Ser Leu Trp 165 170 175 Asn Trp Phe Asp Ile Thr Lys Trp Leu Trp Tyr Ile Lys Ile Ala Ile 180 185 190 Ile Ile Val Gly Ala Leu Ile Gly Ile Arg Val Ile Met Ile Val Leu 195 200 205 Asn Leu Val Lys Asn Ile Arg Gln Gly Tyr Gln Pro Leu Ser Leu Gln 210 215 220 Ile Pro Val Pro His Arg Gln Glu Ala Glu Thr Pro Gly Arg Thr Gly 225 230 235 240 Glu Glu Gly Gly Glu Gly Asp Arg Pro Lys Trp Thr Ala Leu Pro Pro 245 250 255 Gly Phe Leu Gln Gln Leu Tyr Thr Asp Leu Arg Thr Ile Ile Leu Trp 260 265 270 Thr Tyr His Leu Leu Ser Asn Leu Ile Ser Gly Ile Arg Arg Leu Ile 275 280 285 Asp Tyr Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Trp Ile Leu Gly Gln Lys Thr Ile Glu 290 295 300 Ala Cys Arg Leu Cys Gly Ala Val Met Gln Tyr Trp Leu Gln Glu Leu 305 310 315 320 Lys Asn Ser Ala Thr Asn Leu Leu Asp Thr Ile Ala Val Ser Val Ala 325 330 335 Asn Trp Thr Asp Gly Ile Ile Leu Gly Leu Gln Arg Ile Gly Gln 340 345 350 47 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 47 ctagcagtgg cgcccgaaca gg 22 48 23 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 48 aatgaggaag cwgcagawtg gga 23 49 23 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 49 tcccawtctg cwgcttcctc att 23 50 26 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 50 ccaaggggaa gtgacatagc aggaac 26 51 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 51 cgttgttcag aattcaaacc c 21 52 21 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 52 tccctaaaaa attagcctgt c 21 53 19 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 53 aaacctccaa ttcccccta 19 54 39 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 54 Cys Ile Arg Glu Gly Ile Ala Glu Val Gln Asp Ile Tyr Thr Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Met Arg Trp Arg Ser Met Thr Leu Lys Arg Ser Asn Asn Thr Ser Pro 20 25 30 Arg Ser Arg Val Ala Tyr Cys 35 55 41 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 55 Cys Ile Arg Glu Gly Ile Ala Glu Val Gln Asp Leu His Thr Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Arg Trp Arg Ser Met Thr Leu Lys Lys Ser Ser Asn Ser His Thr 20 25 30 Gln Pro Arg Ser Lys Val Ala Tyr Cys 35 40 56 9793 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus 56 ctggatgggt taatttactc ccataagaga gcagaaatcc tggatctctg gatatatcac 60 actcagggat tcttccctga ttggcagtgt tacacaccgg gaccaggacc tagattccca 120 ctgacatttg gatggttgtt taaactggta ccagtgtcag cagaagaggc agagagactg 180 ggtaatacaa atgaagatgc tagtcttcta catccagctt gtaatcatgg agctgaggat 240 gcacacgggg agatactaaa atggcagttt gatagatcat taggcttaac acatatagcc 300 ctgcaaaagc acccagagct cttccccaag taactgacac tgcgggactt tccagactgc 360 tgacactgcg gggactttcc agcgtgggag ggataagggg cggttcgggg agtggctaac 420 cctcagatgc tgcatataag cagctgcttt ccgcttgtac cgggtcttag ttagaggacc 480 aggtctgagc ccgggagctc cctggcctct agctgaaccc gctgcttaac gctcaataaa 540 gcttgccttg agtgagaagc agtgtgtgct catctgttca accctggtgt ctagagatcc 600 ctcagatcac ttagactgaa gcagaaaatc tctagcagtg gcgcccgaac agggacgcga 660 aagtgaaagt ggaaccaggg aagaaaacct ccgacgcaac gggctcggct tagcggagtg 720 cacctgctaa gaggcgagag gaactcacaa gagggtgagt aaatttgctg gcggtggcca 780 gacctagggg aagggcgaag tccctagggg aggaagatgg gtgcgagagc gtctgtgttg 840 acagggagta aattggatgc atgggaacga attaggttaa ggccaggatc taaaaaggca 900 tataggctaa aacatttagt atgggcaagc agggagctgg aaagatacgc atgtaatcct 960 ggtctattag aaactgcaga aggtactgag caactgctac agcagttaga gccagctctc 1020 aagacagggt cagaggacct gaaatctctc tggaacgcaa tagcagtact ctggtgcgtt 1080 cacaacagat ttgacatccg agatacacag caggcaatac aaaagttaaa ggaagtaatg 1140 gcaagcagga agtctgcaga ggccgctaag gaagaaacaa gccctaggca gacaagtcaa 1200 aattacccta tagtaacaaa tgcacaggga caaatggtac atcaagccat ctcccccagg 1260 actttaaatg catgggtaaa ggcagtagaa gagaaggcct ttaaccctga aattattcct 1320 atgtttatgg cattatcaga aggggctgtc ccctatgata tcaataccat gctgaatgcc 1380 atagggggac accaaggggc tttacaagtg ttgaaggaag taatcaatga ggaagcagca 1440 gaatgggata gaactcatcc accagcaatg gggccgttac caccagggca gataagggaa 1500 ccaacaggaa gtgacattgc tggaacaact agcacacagc aagagcaaat tatatggact 1560 actagagggg ctaactctat cccagtagga gacatctata gaaaatggat agtgctagga 1620 ctaaacaaaa tggtaaaaat gtacagtcca gtgagcatct tagatattag gcagggacca 1680 aaagaaccat tcagagatta tgtagatcgg ttttacaaaa cattaagagc tgagcaagct 1740 actcaagaag taaagaattg gatgacagaa accttgcttg ttcagaattc aaacccagat 1800 tgtaaacaaa ttctgaaagc attaggacca gaagctactt tagaagaaat gatggtagcc 1860 tgtcaaggag taggagggcc aactcacaag gcaaaaatac tagcagaagc aatggcttct 1920 gcccagcaag atttaaaagg aggatacaca gcagtattca tgcaaagagg gcagaatcca 1980 aatagaaaag ggcccataaa atgcttcaat tgtggaaaag agggacatat agcaaaaaac 2040 tgtcgagcac ctagaaaaag gggttgctgg aaatgtggac aggaaggtca ccaaatgaaa 2100 gattgcaaaa atggaagaca ggcaaatttt ttagggaagt actggcctcc ggggggcacg 2160 aggccaggca attatgtgca gaaacaagtg tccccatcag ccccaccaat ggaggaggca 2220 gtgaaggaac aagagaatca gagtcagaag ggggatcagg aagagctgta cccatttgcc 2280 tccctcaaat ccctctttgg gacagaccaa tagtcacagc aaaggttggg ggtcatctat 2340 gtgaggcttt actggataca ggggcagatg atacagtatt aaataacata caattagaag 2400 gaagatggac accaaaaatg atagggggta taggaggctt tataaaagta aaagagtata 2460 acaatgtgac agtagaagta caaggaaagg aagtacaggg aacagtattg gtgggaccta 2520 ctcctgttaa tattcttggg agaaacatat tgacaggatt aggatgtaca ctaaatttcc 2580 ctataagtcc catagcccca gtgccagtaa agctaaaacc aggaatggat ggaccaaaag 2640 taaaacaatg gcccctatct agagagaaaa tagaagcact aactgcaata tgtcaagaaa 2700 tggaacagga aggaaaaatc tcaagaatag gacctgaaaa tccttataat acacctattt 2760 ttgctataaa aaagaaagat agcactaagt ggagaaaatt ggtagacttc agagaattaa 2820 ataaaagaac acaagatttc tgggaggtgc aattaggtat tccacatcca gggggtttaa 2880 agcaaaggca atctgttaca gtcttagatg taggagatgc ttatttctca tgccctttag 2940 atccagactt tagaaaatac actgccttca ctattcctag tgtgaacaat gagaccccag 3000 gagtaagata ccagtacaat gtcctcccgc aagggtggaa aggttcacca gccatatttc 3060 agagttcaat gacaaagatt ctagatccat ttagaaaaag caacccagaa gtagaaattt 3120 atcagtacat agatgactta tatgtaggat cagatttacc attggcagaa catagaaaga 3180 gggtcgaatt gcttagggaa catttatatc agtggggatt tactacccct gataaaaagc 3240 atcagaagga acctcccttt ttatggatgg gatatgagct ccacccagac aagtggacag 3300 tacagcccat ccaattgcct gacaaagaag tgtggacagt aaatgatata caaaaattag 3360 taggaaaatt aaattgggca agtcaaatct atcaaggaat tagagtaaaa gaattgtgca 3420 agttaatcag aggaaccaaa tcattgacag aggtagtacc tttaagtaaa gaggcagaac 3480 tagaattaga agaaaacaga gaaaagctaa aagagccagt acatggagta tattaccagc 3540 ctgacaaaga cttgtgggtt agtattcaga agcatggaga agggcaatgg acttaccagg 3600 tatatcagga tgaacataag aaccttaaaa caggaaaata tgctaggcaa aaggcctccc 3660 acacaaatga tataagacaa ttggcagaag tagtccagaa ggtgtctcaa gaagctatag 3720 ttatatgggg gaaattacct aaattcaggc tgccagttac tagagaaact tgggaaactt 3780 ggtgggcaga atattggcag gccacctgga ttcctgaatg ggaatttgtc agcacacccc 3840 cattgatcaa attatggtac cagttagaaa cagaacctat tgtaggggca gaaacctttt 3900 atgtagatgg agcagctaat aggaatacaa aactaggaaa ggcgggatat gttacagaac 3960 aaggaaaaca gaacataata aagttagaag agacaaccaa tcaaaaggct gaattaatgg 4020 ctgtattaat agccttgcag gattccaagg agcaagtaaa catagtaaca gactcacaat 4080 atgtattggg catcatatcc tcccaaccaa cacagagtga ctcccctata gttcagcaga 4140 taatagagga actaacaaaa aaggaacgag tgtatcttac atgggttcct gctcacaaag 4200 gcataggagg aaatgaaaaa atagataaat tagtaagcaa agacattaga agagtcctgt 4260 tcctggaagg aatagatcag gcacaagaag atcatgaaaa atatcatagt aattggagag 4320 cattagctag tgactttgga ttaccaccaa tagtagccaa ggaaatcatt gctagttgtc 4380 ctaaatgcca tataaaaggg gaagcaacgc atggtcaagt agactacagc ccagagatat 4440 ggcaaatgga ttgtacacat ttagaaggca aaatcataat agttgctgtc catgtagcaa 4500 gtgactttat agaagcagag gtgataccag cagaaacagg acaggaaact gcctatttcc 4560 tgttaaaatt agcagcaaga tggcctgtca aagtaataca tacagacaat ggacctaatt 4620 ttacaagtgc agccatgaaa gctgcatgtt ggtggacagg catacaacat gagtttggga 4680 taccatataa tccacaaagt caaggagtag tagaagccat gaataaagaa ttaaaatcta 4740 ttatacagca ggtgagggac caagcagagc atttaaaaac agcagtacaa atggcagtct 4800 ttgttcacaa ttttaaaaga aaagggggga ttggggggta cactgcaggg gagagactaa 4860 tagacatact agcatcacaa atacaaacaa cagaactaca aaaacaaatt ttaaaaatca 4920 acaattttcg ggtctattac agagatagca gagaccctat ttggaaagga ccggcacaac 4980 tcctgtggaa aggtgagggg gcagtagtca tacaagataa aggagacatt aaagtggtac 5040 caagaagaaa ggcaaaaata atcagagatt atggaaaaca gatggcaggt actgatagta 5100 tggcaaatag acagacagaa agtgaaagca tggaacagcc tggtgaaata ccataaatac 5160 atgtctaaga aggccgcgaa ctggcgttat aggcatcatt atgaatccag gaatccaaaa 5220 gtcagttcgg cggtgtatat tccagtagca gaagctgata tagtggtcac cacatattgg 5280 ggattaatgc caggggaaag agaggaacac ttgggacatg gggttagtat agaatggcaa 5340 tacaaggagt ataaaacaca gattgatcct gaaacagcag acaggatgat acatctgcat 5400 tatttcacat gttttacaga atcagcaatc aggaaggcca ttctagggca gagagtgctg 5460 accaagtgtg aatacctggc aggacatagt caggtaggga cactacaatt cttagccttg 5520 aaagcagtag tgaaagtaaa aagaaataag cctcccctac ccagtgtcca gagattaaca 5580 gaagatagat ggaacaagcc ctggaaaatc agggaccagc tagggagcca ttcaatgaat 5640 ggacactaga gctcctggaa gagctgaaag aagaagcagt aagacatttc cctaggcctt 5700 ggttacaagc ctgtgggcag tacatttatg agacttatgg agacacttgg gaaggagtta 5760 tggcaattat aagaatctta caacaactac tgtttaccca ttatagaatt ggatgccaac 5820 atagtagaat aggaattctc ccatctaaca caagaggaag aggaagaaga aatggatcca 5880 gtagatcctg agatgccccc ttggcatcac cctgggagca agccccaaac cccttgtaat 5940 aattgctatt gcaaaagatg ctgctatcat tgctatgttt gtttcacaaa gaagggtttg 6000 ggaatctccc atggcaggaa gaagcgaaga agaccagcag ctgctgcaag ctatccagat 6060 aataaagatc ctgtaccaga gcagtaagta acgctgatgc atcaagagaa cctgctagcc 6120 ttaatagctt taagtgcttt gtgtcttata aatgtactta tatggttgtt taaccttaga 6180 atttatttag tgcaaagaaa acaagataga agggagcagg aaatacttga aagattaagg 6240 agaataaagg aaatcaggga tgacagtgac tatgaaagta atgaagaaga acaacaggaa 6300 gtcatggagc ttatacatag ccatggcttt gctaatccca tgtttgagtt atagtaaaca 6360 attgtatgcc acagtttatt ctggggtacc tgtatgggaa gaggcagcac cagtactatt 6420 ctgtgcttca gatgctaacc taacaagcac tgaacagcat aatatttggg catcacaagc 6480 ctgcgttcct acagatccca atccacatga atttccacta ggcaatgtga cagataactt 6540 tgatatatgg aaaaattaca tggtggacca aatgcatgaa gacatcatta gtttgtggga 6600 acagagttta aagccttgtg agaaaatgac tttcttatgt gtacaaatga actgtgtaga 6660 tctgcaaaca aataaaacag gcctattaaa tgagacaata aatgagatga gaaattgtag 6720 ttttaatgta actacagtcc tcacagacaa aaaggagcaa aaacaggctc tattctatgt 6780 atcagatctg agtaaggtta atgactcaaa tgcagtaaat ggaacaacat atatgttaac 6840 taattgtaac tccacaatta tcaagcaggc ctgtcccaag gtaagttttg agcccattcc 6900 catacactat tgtgctccaa caggatatgc catctttaag tgtaatgaca cagactttaa 6960 tggaacaggc ctatgccaca atatttcagt ggttacttgt acacatggca tcaagccaac 7020 agtaagtact caactaatac tgaatgggac actctctaga gaaaagataa gaattatggg 7080 aaaaaatatt acagaatcag caaagaatat catagtaacc ctaaacactc ctataaacat 7140 gacctgcata agagaaggaa ttgcagaggt acaagatata tatacaggtc caatgagatg 7200 gcgcagtatg acacttaaaa gaagtaacaa tacatcacca agatcaaggg tagcttattg 7260 tacatataat aagactgtat gggaaaatgc cctacaacaa acagctataa ggtatttaaa 7320 tcttgtaaac caaacagaga atgttaccat aatattcagc agaactagtg gtggagatgc 7380 agaagtaagc catttacatt ttaactgtca tggagaattc ttttattgta acacatctgg 7440 gatgtttaac tatactttta tcaactgtac aaagtccgga tgccaggaga tcaaagggag 7500 caatgagacc aataaaaatg gtactatacc ttgcaagtta agacagctag taagatcatg 7560 gatgaaggga gagtcgagaa tctatgcacc tcccatcccc ggcaacttaa catgtcattc 7620 caacataact ggaatgattc tacagttaga tcaaccatgg aattccacag gtgaaaatac 7680 acttagacca gtagggggag atatgaaaga tatatggaga actaaattgt acaactacaa 7740 agtagtacag ataaaacctt ttagtgtagc acctacaaaa atgtcaagac caataataaa 7800 cattcacacc cctcacaggg aaaaaagagc agtaggattg ggaatgctat tcttgggggt 7860 gctaagtgca gcaggtagca ctatgggcgc agcggcaaca gcgctgacgg tacggaccca 7920 cagtgtactg aagggtatag tgcaacagca ggacaacctg ctgagagcga tacaggccca 7980 gcaacacttg ctgaggttat ctgtatgggg tattagacaa ctccgagctc gcctgcaagc 8040 cttagaaacc cttatacaga atcagcaacg cctaaaccta tggggctgta aaggaaaact 8100 aatctgttac acatcagtaa aatggaacac atcatggtca ggaagatata atgatgacag 8160 tatttgggac aaccttacat ggcagcaatg ggaccaacac ataaacaatg taagctccat 8220 tatatatgat gaaatacaag cagcacaaga ccaacaggaa aagaatgtaa aagcattgtt 8280 ggagctagat gaatgggcct ctctttggaa ttggtttgac ataactaaat ggttgtggta 8340 tataaaaata gctataatca tagtgggagc actaataggt ataagagtta ttatgataat 8400 acttaatcta gtgaagaaca ttaggcaggg atatcaaccc ctctcgttgc agatccctgt 8460 cccacaccgg caggaagcag aaacgccagg aagaacagga gaagaaggtg gagaaggaga 8520 caggcccaag tggacagcct tgccaccagg attcttgcaa cagttgtaca cggatctcag 8580 gacaataatc ttgtggactt accacctctt gagcaactta atatcaggga tccggaggct 8640 gatcgactac ctgggactgg gactgtggat cctgggacaa aagacaattg aagcttgtag 8700 actttgtgga gctgtaatgc aatattggct acaagaattg aaaaatagtg ctacaaacct 8760 gcttgatact attgcagtgt cagttgccaa ttggactgac ggcatcatct taggtctaca 8820 aagaatagga caaggattcc ttcacatccc aagaagaatt agacaaggtg cagaaagaat 8880 cttagtgtaa catggggaat gcatggagca aaagcaaatt tgcaggatgg tcagaagtaa 8940 gagatagaat gagacgatcc tcctctgatc ctcaacaacc atgtgcacct ggagtaggag 9000 ctgtctccag ggagttagca actagagggg gaatatcaag ttcccacact cctcaaaaca 9060 atgcagccct tgcattccta gacagccaca aagatgagga tgtaggcttc ccagtaagac 9120 ctcaagtgcc tctaaggcca atgaccttta aagcagcctt tgacctcagc ttctttttaa 9180 aagaaaaggg aggactggat gggttaattt actcccataa gagagcagaa atcctggatc 9240 tctggatata tcacactcag ggattcttcc ctgattggca gtgttacaca ccgggaccag 9300 gacctagatt cccactgaca tttggatggt tgtttaaact ggtaccagtg tcagcagaag 9360 aggcagagag actgggtaat acaaatgaag atgctagtct tctacatcca gcttgtaatc 9420 atggagctga ggatgcacac ggggagatac taaaatggca gtttgataga tcattaggct 9480 taacacatat agccctgcaa aagcacccag agctcttccc caagtaactg acactgcggg 9540 actttccaga ctgctgacac tgcggggact ttccagcgtg ggagggataa ggggcggttc 9600 ggggagtggc taaccctcag atgctgcata taagcagctg ctttccgctt gtaccgggtc 9660 ttagttagag gaccaggtct gagcccggga gctccctggc ctctagctga acccgctgct 9720 taacgctcaa taaagcttgc cttgagtgag aagcagtgtg tgctcatctg ttcaaccctg 9780 gtgtctagag atc 9793 57 1733 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus 57 aaacctccga cgcaacgggc tcggcttagc ggagtgcacc tgctaagagg cgagaggaac 60 tcacaagagg gtgagtaaat ttgctggcgg tggccagacc taggggaagg gcgaagtccc 120 taggggagga agatgggtgc gagagcgtct gtgttgacag ggagtaaatt ggatgcatgg 180 gaacgaatta ggttaaggcc aggatctaaa aaggcatata ggctaaaaca tttagtatgg 240 gcaagcaggg agctggaaag atacgcatgt aatcctggtc tattagaaac tgcagaaggt 300 actgagcaac tgctacagca gttagagcca gctctcaaga cagggtcaga ggacctgaaa 360 tctctctgga acgcaatagc agtactctgg tgcgttcaca acagatttga catccgagat 420 acacagcagg caatacaaaa gttaaaggaa gtaatggcaa gcaggaagtc tgcagaggcc 480 gctaaggaag aaacaagccc taggcagaca agtcaaaatt accctatagt aacaaatgca 540 cagggacaaa tggtacatca agccatctcc cccaggactt taaatgcatg ggtaaaggca 600 gtagaagaga aggcctttaa ccctgaaatt attcctatgt ttatggcatt atcagaaggg 660 gctgtcccct atgatatcaa taccatgctg aatgccatag ggggacacca aggggcttta 720 caagtgttga aggaagtaat caatgaggaa gcagcagaat gggatagaac tcatccacca 780 gcaatggggc cgttaccacc agggcagata agggaaccaa caggaagtga cattgctgga 840 acaactagca cacagcaaga gcaaattata tggactacta gaggggctaa ctctatccca 900 gtaggagaca tctatagaaa atggatagtg ctaggactaa acaaaatggt aaaaatgtac 960 agtccagtga gcatcttaga tattaggcag ggaccaaaag aaccattcag agattatgta 1020 gatcggtttt acaaaacatt aagagctgag caagctactc aagaagtaaa gaattggatg 1080 acagaaacct tgcttgttca gaattcaaac ccagattgta aacaaattct gaaagcatta 1140 ggaccagaag ctactttaga agaaatgatg gtagcctgtc aaggagtagg agggccaact 1200 cacaaggcaa aaatactagc agaagcaatg gcttctgccc agcaagattt aaaaggagga 1260 tacacagcag tattcatgca aagagggcag aatccaaata gaaaagggcc cataaaatgc 1320 ttcaattgtg gaaaagaggg acatatagca aaaaactgtc gagcacctag aaaaaggggt 1380 tgctggaaat gtggacagga aggtcaccaa atgaaagatt gcaaaaatgg aagacaggca 1440 aattttttag ggaagtactg gcctccgggg ggcacgaggc caggcaatta tgtgcagaaa 1500 caagtgtccc catcagcccc accaatggag gaggcagtga aggaacaaga gaatcagagt 1560 cagaaggggg atcaggaaga gctgtaccca tttgcctccc tcaaatccct ctttgggaca 1620 gaccaatagt cacagcaaag gttgggggtc atctatgtga ggctttactg gatacagggg 1680 cagatgatac agtattaaat aacatacaat tagaaggaag atggacacca aaa 1733 58 1733 DNA Human immunodeficiency virus 58 aaacctccaa cgcaacgggc tcggcttagc ggagtgcacc tgctaagagg cgagaggaac 60 tcacaagagg gtgagtaaat ttgctggcgg tggccagacc taggggaagg gcgaagtccc 120 taggggagga agatgggtgc gagacggtct gtgttgacag ggagtaaatt ggatgcatgg 180 gaacgaatta ggttaaggcc aggatctaaa aaggcatata ggctaaaaca tttagtatgg 240 gcaagcaggg agctggaaag atacgcatat aatcctggtc tactagaaac tgcagaaggt 300 actgaacaac tgctacagca gttagagcca gctctcaaga cagggtcaga ggacctgaaa 360 tccctctgga acgcaatagc agtactctgg tgcgttcaca acagatttga catccgagat 420 acacagcagg caatacaaaa gttaaaggaa gtaatggcaa gcaggaagtc tgcagaggcc 480 gctaaggaag aaacaagctc aaggcaggca agtcaaaatt accctatagt aacaaatgca 540 cagggacaaa tggtacatca agccatatcc cctaggactt taaatgcatg ggtaaaggca 600 gtagaagaaa aggcctttaa ccctgaaatt attcctatgt ttatggcatt atcagaaggg 660 gctgtcccct atgatatcaa taccatgctg aatgccatag ggggacacca aggggcttta 720 caagtgttga aggaagtaat caatgaggaa gcagcagatt gggatagaac tcatccacca 780 gcaatggggc cgttaccacc agggcagata agggaaccaa caggaagtga cattgctgga 840 acaactagca cacagcaaga gcaaattata tggactacta gaggggctaa ctctatccca 900 gtaggagaca tctatagaaa atggatagtg ttaggactaa acaaaatggt aaaaatgtac 960 agtccagtga gcatcttaga tattaggcag ggaccaaaag aaccattcag agattatgta 1020 gatcggtttt acaaaacatt aagagctgag caagctactc aagaagtaaa gaattggatg 1080 acagaaaccc tcgttgttca gaattcaaac ccagattgta aacaaattct gaaagcatta 1140 ggaccaggag ctactttaga agaaatgatg gtagcctgtc aaggagtagg agggccaact 1200 cacaaggcaa aaatactagc agaagcaatg gcttctgccc agcaagattt aaagggagga 1260 tacacagcag tattcatgca aagagggcag aatccaaata gaaaagggcc tataaaatgt 1320 ttcaattgtg gaaaagaggg acatatagca aaaaactgtc gagcacctag aagaaggggt 1380 tactggaaat gtggacagga aggtcaccaa atgaaagatt gcaaaaatgg aagacaggct 1440 atttttttag ggaagtactg gcctccgggg ggcacgaggc cagccaatta tgtgcagaaa 1500 caagtgtccc catcagcccc accaatggag gaggcagtga aggaacaaga gaatcagaat 1560 caaaaggggg atcaggaaga gctgtaccca tttgcctccc tcaaatccct ctttgggaca 1620 gaccaatagt cacagcaaag gttgggggcc atctatgtga ggctttactg gatacagggg 1680 cagatgatac agtattaaat aacatacaat tagaaggaag atggacaccc aaa 1733 59 498 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 59 Met Gly Ala Arg Ala Ser Val Leu Thr Gly Ser Lys Leu Asp Ala Trp 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Ser Lys Lys Ala Tyr Arg Leu Lys 20 25 30 His Leu Val Trp Ala Ser Arg Glu Leu Glu Arg Tyr Ala Cys Asn Pro 35 40 45 Gly Leu Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Gly Thr Glu Gln Leu Leu Gln Gln Leu 50 55 60 Glu Pro Ala Leu Lys Thr Gly Ser Glu Asp Leu Lys Ser Leu Trp Asn 65 70 75 80 Ala Ile Ala Val Leu Trp Cys Val His Asn Arg Phe Asp Ile Arg Asp 85 90 95 Thr Gln Gln Ala Ile Gln Lys Leu Lys Glu Val Met Ala Ser Arg Lys 100 105 110 Ser Ala Glu Ala Ala Lys Glu Glu Thr Ser Pro Arg Gln Thr Ser Gln 115 120 125 Asn Tyr Pro Ile Val Thr Asn Ala Gln Gly Gln Met Val His Gln Ala 130 135 140 Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp Val Lys Ala Val Glu Glu Lys 145 150 155 160 Ala Phe Asn Pro Glu Ile Ile Pro Met Phe Met Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly 165 170 175 Ala Val Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn Thr Met Leu Asn Ala Ile Gly Gly His 180 185 190 Gln Gly Ala Leu Gln Val Leu Lys Glu Val Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala 195 200 205 Glu Trp Asp Arg Thr His Pro Pro Ala Met Gly Pro Leu Pro Pro Gly 210 215 220 Gln Ile Arg Glu Pro Thr Gly Ser Asp Ile Ala Gly Thr Thr Ser Thr 225 230 235 240 Gln Gln Glu Gln Ile Ile Trp Thr Thr Arg Gly Ala Asn Ser Ile Pro 245 250 255 Val Gly Asp Ile Tyr Arg Lys Trp Ile Val Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Met 260 265 270 Val Lys Met Tyr Ser Pro Val Ser Ile Leu Asp Ile Arg Gln Gly Pro 275 280 285 Lys Glu Pro Phe Arg Asp Tyr Val Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Thr Leu Arg 290 295 300 Ala Glu Gln Ala Thr Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp Met Thr Glu Thr Leu 305 310 315 320 Leu Val Gln Asn Ser Asn Pro Asp Cys Lys Gln Ile Leu Lys Ala Leu 325 330 335 Gly Pro Glu Ala Thr Leu Glu Glu Met Met Val Ala Cys Gln Gly Val 340 345 350 Gly Gly Pro Thr His Lys Ala Lys Ile Leu Ala Glu Ala Met Ala Ser 355 360 365 Ala Gln Gln Asp Leu Lys Gly Gly Tyr Thr Ala Val Phe Met Gln Arg 370 375 380 Gly Gln Asn Pro Asn Arg Lys Gly Pro Ile Lys Cys Phe Asn Cys Gly 385 390 395 400 Lys Glu Gly His Ile Ala Lys Asn Cys Arg Ala Pro Arg Lys Arg Gly 405 410 415 Cys Trp Lys Cys Gly Gln Glu Gly His Gln Met Lys Asp Cys Lys Asn 420 425 430 Gly Arg Gln Ala Asn Phe Leu Gly Lys Tyr Trp Pro Pro Gly Gly Thr 435 440 445 Arg Pro Gly Asn Tyr Val Gln Lys Gln Val Ser Pro Ser Ala Pro Pro 450 455 460 Met Glu Glu Ala Val Lys Glu Gln Glu Asn Gln Ser Gln Lys Gly Asp 465 470 475 480 Gln Glu Glu Leu Tyr Pro Phe Ala Ser Leu Lys Ser Leu Phe Gly Thr 485 490 495 Asp Gln 60 498 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 60 Met Gly Ala Arg Arg Ser Val Leu Thr Gly Ser Lys Leu Asp Ala Trp 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ile Arg Leu Arg Pro Gly Ser Lys Lys Ala Tyr Arg Leu Lys 20 25 30 His Leu Val Trp Ala Ser Arg Glu Leu Glu Arg Tyr Ala Tyr Asn Pro 35 40 45 Gly Leu Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Gly Thr Glu Gln Leu Leu Gln Gln Leu 50 55 60 Glu Pro Ala Leu Lys Thr Gly Ser Glu Asp Leu Lys Ser Leu Trp Asn 65 70 75 80 Ala Ile Ala Val Leu Trp Cys Val His Asn Arg Phe Asp Ile Arg Asp 85 90 95 Thr Gln Gln Ala Ile Gln Lys Leu Lys Glu Val Met Ala Ser Arg Lys 100 105 110 Ser Ala Glu Ala Ala Lys Glu Glu Thr Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Gln 115 120 125 Asn Tyr Pro Ile Val Thr Asn Ala Gln Gly Gln Met Val His Gln Ala 130 135 140 Ile Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asn Ala Trp Val Lys Ala Val Glu Glu Lys 145 150 155 160 Ala Phe Asn Pro Glu Ile Ile Pro Met Phe Met Ala Leu Ser Glu Gly 165 170 175 Ala Val Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asn Thr Met Leu Asn Ala Ile Gly Gly His 180 185 190 Gln Gly Ala Leu Gln Val Leu Lys Glu Val Ile Asn Glu Glu Ala Ala 195 200 205 Asp Trp Asp Arg Thr His Pro Pro Ala Met Gly Pro Leu Pro Pro Gly 210 215 220 Gln Ile Arg Glu Pro Thr Gly Ser Asp Ile Ala Gly Thr Thr Ser Thr 225 230 235 240 Gln Gln Glu Gln Ile Ile Trp Thr Thr Arg Gly Ala Asn Ser Ile Pro 245 250 255 Val Gly Asp Ile Tyr Arg Lys Trp Ile Val Leu Gly Leu Asn Lys Met 260 265 270 Val Lys Met Tyr Ser Pro Val Ser Ile Leu Asp Ile Arg Gln Gly Pro 275 280 285 Lys Glu Pro Phe Arg Asp Tyr Val Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Thr Leu Arg 290 295 300 Ala Glu Gln Ala Thr Gln Glu Val Lys Asn Trp Met Thr Glu Thr Leu 305 310 315 320 Val Val Gln Asn Ser Asn Pro Asp Cys Lys Gln Ile Leu Lys Ala Leu 325 330 335 Gly Pro Gly Ala Thr Leu Glu Glu Met Met Val Ala Cys Gln Gly Val 340 345 350 Gly Gly Pro Thr His Lys Ala Lys Ile Leu Ala Glu Ala Met Ala Ser 355 360 365 Ala Gln Gln Asp Leu Lys Gly Gly Tyr Thr Ala Val Phe Met Gln Arg 370 375 380 Gly Gln Asn Pro Asn Arg Lys Gly Pro Ile Lys Cys Phe Asn Cys Gly 385 390 395 400 Lys Glu Gly His Ile Ala Lys Asn Cys Arg Ala Pro Arg Arg Arg Gly 405 410 415 Tyr Trp Lys Cys Gly Gln Glu Gly His Gln Met Lys Asp Cys Lys Asn 420 425 430 Gly Arg Gln Ala Asn Phe Leu Gly Lys Tyr Trp Pro Pro Gly Gly Thr 435 440 445 Arg Pro Ala Asn Tyr Val Gln Lys Gln Val Ser Pro Ser Ala Pro Pro 450 455 460 Met Glu Glu Ala Val Lys Glu Gln Glu Asn Gln Asn Gln Lys Gly Asp 465 470 475 480 Gln Glu Glu Leu Tyr Pro Phe Ala Ser Leu Lys Ser Leu Phe Gly Thr 485 490 495 Asp Gln 61 35 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 61 Arg Ile Leu Ala Val Glu Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Thr Thr Ala Val Pro Trp 20 25 30 Asn Ala Ser 35 62 35 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 62 Arg Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu Ile Gln Asn Gln Gln Arg Leu Asn 1 5 10 15 Leu Trp Gly Cys Lys Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Tyr Thr Ser Val Lys Trp 20 25 30 Asn Thr Ser 35 63 25 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 63 Trp Gly Ile Arg Gln Leu Arg Ala Arg Leu Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Leu 1 5 10 15 Ile Gln Asn Gln Gln Arg Leu Asn Leu 20 25 64 22 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 64 ccataatatt cagcagaact ag 22 65 18 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence primer 65 gctgattctg tataaggg 18 66 36 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 66 Cys Thr Arg Pro Asn Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Arg Ile Gln Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Val Thr Ile Gly Lys Ile Gly Asn Met Arg 20 25 30 Gln Ala His Cys 35 67 36 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 67 Cys Lys Arg Pro Gly Asn Lys Ile Val Lys Gln Ile Met Leu Met Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly His Val Phe His Ser His Tyr Gln Pro Ile Asn Lys Arg Pro Arg 20 25 30 Gln Ala Trp Cys 35 

What is claimed is:
 1. Virus MvP-5180/91, deposited with the European Collection of Animal Cell Culture (ECACC) under No. V 920 92
 318. 2. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:37 or SEQ ID NO:38.
 3. The variant virus of claim 2, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:37 or SEQ ID NO:38.
 4. The variant virus of claim 2, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:37 or SEQ ID NO:38.
 5. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45.
 6. The variant virus of claim 5, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45.
 7. The variant virus of claim 5, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45.
 8. The variant virus of claim 5, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 50 nucleotides.
 9. The variant virus of claim 8, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 100 nucleotides.
 10. The variant virus of claim 5, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 50 nucleotides.
 11. The variant virus of claim 10, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 100 nucleotides.
 12. The variant virus of claim 5, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 50 nucleotides.
 13. The variant virus of claim 12, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:44 or SEQ ID NO:45 over at least 100 nucleotides.
 14. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:39.
 15. The variant virus of claim 14, wherein said variant has a genome that has a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:39.
 16. The variant virus of claim 14, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:39.
 17. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:46.
 18. The variant virus of claim 17, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 16 amino acid residues.
 19. The variant virus of claim 18, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 66% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 33 amino acid residues.
 20. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:46.
 21. The variant virus of claim 20, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 16 amino acid residues.
 22. The variant virus of claim 21, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 75% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 33 amino acid residues.
 23. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:46.
 24. The variant virus of claim 23, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 16 amino acid residues.
 25. The variant virus of claim 24, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 85% homology to SEQ ID NO:46 over at least 33 amino acid residues.
 26. The virus of claim 2, wherein said virus has a reverse transcriptase that is magnesium dependent, but not manganese dependent.
 27. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that has a nucleotide sequence that shows at least 98% homology to SEQ ID NO:57.
 28. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 97.8% homology to SEQ ID NO:59.
 29. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a genome that encodes a polypeptide that shows at least 77.8% homology to SEQ ID NO:54.
 30. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has an LTR that shows at least 83% homology to the long terminal repeat (LTR) of virus MvP-5180/91.
 31. The variant virus of claim 30, wherein said variant LTR shows at least 85% homology to the LTR of virus MvP-5180/91.
 32. The variant virus of claim 30, wherein said variant LTR shows at least 90% homology to the LTR of virus MvP-5180/91.
 33. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a GAG gene that shows at least 71% homology to the GAG gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 34. The variant virus of claim 33, wherein said variant LTR shows at least 72% homology to the GAG gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 35. The variant virus of claim 33, wherein said variant LTR shows at least 86% homology to the LTR of virus MvP-5180/91.
 36. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a POL gene that shows at least 75% homology to the POL gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 37. The variant virus of claim 36, wherein said variant POL gene shows at least 86% homology to the POL gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 38. The variant virus of claim 36, wherein said variant POL gene shows at least 88% homology to the POL gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 39. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has a VIF gene that shows at least 68% homology to the VIF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 40. The variant virus of claim 39, wherein said variant VIF gene shows at least 70% homology to the VIF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 41. The variant virus of claim 39, wherein said variant VIF gene shows at least 85% homology to the VIF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 42. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has an ENV gene that shows at least 54% homology to the ENV gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 43. The variant virus of claim 42, wherein said variant ENV gene shows at least 55% homology to the ENV gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 44. The variant virus of claim 42, wherein said variant ENV gene shows at least 88% homology to the ENV gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 45. A variant virus, which is a variant of virus MvP-5180/91, wherein said variant has an NEF gene that shows at least 55% homology to the NEF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 46. The variant virus of claim 45, wherein said variant NEF gene shows at least 84% homology to the NEF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 47. The variant virus of claim 45, wherein said variant NEF gene shows at least 88% homology to the NEF gene of virus MvP-5180/91.
 48. The variant virus of claim 45, wherein said variant NEF gene shows at least 90% homology to the NEF gene of virus MvP-5180/91. 